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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Exp Mol Pathol. 2012 May 15;93(2):220–226. doi: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2012.03.014

Figure 4. TNF-α activation of HUVEC is as effective as the presence of modified LDL in promoting foam cell development from monocytes.

Figure 4

Aggregated LDL (agLDL; A) or oxidized LDL (oxLDL; B) were added to the collagen at a concentration of 200 μg/mL three days prior to HUVEC culture. PBMC (2×105) were placed on HUVEC monolayers and monocytes allowed to undergo transmigration. After 1 hour, the proportion of Oil Red O-positive foam cells within the collagen was then enumerated by microscopy, and expressed as a percentage of the total sub-endothelial macrophages present. Results are the mean (±SD) from 3 experiments; *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001.