Table 1.
| Subject Characteristics | BD Group: n=20 | HC Group: n =21 | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | 6 female/14 male | 8 female/13 male | .59 |
| Number left-handed | 1 | 1 | - |
| Mean Age, years (SD) | 15.63(2.10) | 15.35(2.68) | .71 |
| Mean Full-scale IQ (SD) | 110.72(8.59) | 113.62(7.87) | .28 |
| Mean CDRS score (SD) | 36.6(13.1) | - | |
| Mean YMRS score (SD) | 16.3(8.7) | - | |
| Diagnoses | |||
| Bipolar Disorder I | 95%(n=19) | - | |
| Bipolar Disorder II | 5%(n=1) | - | |
| ADHD | 85%(n=17) | - | |
| ODD | 40%(n=8) | - | |
| Conduct Disorder | 5%(n=1) | - | |
| Anxiety Disordera | 75%(n=15) | - | |
| Medications | |||
| anticonvulsants | 60%(n=12) | ||
| valproate | 45%(n=9) | ||
| atypical antipsychotic | 30%(n=6) | ||
| lithium | 35%(n=7) | ||
| atypical antidepressant | 35%(n=7) | ||
| SSRI | 5%(n=1) | ||
| Task Performance | |||
| % correct happy (SD) | 82.97(10.6) | 88.69(9.45) | .08 |
| % correct sad (SD) | 82.81(11.1) | 87.80(6.16) | .09 |
| % correct neutral (SD) | 83.75(8.6) | 87.80(9.68) | .17 |
| mean RT happy (SD) | 822.31(172.70) | 906.45(187.55) | .14 |
| mean RT sad (SD) | 876.69(213.73) | 920.86(205.24) | .50 |
| mean RT neutral (SD) | 909.77(208.85) | 903.20(179.40) | .91 |
Note: ADHD=attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; BD=bipolar disorder; CDRS=Children’s Depression Rating Scale; HC=healthy control; ODD=oppositional defiant disorder; RT=response time; SSRI=selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; YMRS=Young Mania Rating Scale.
a
Anxiety Disorders include: generalized anxiety disorder (n=7); separation anxiety disorder (n=2); obsessive compulsive disorder (n=3); panic disorder (n=1); specific phobia (n=1); posttraumatic stress disorder (n=1).