Fig. 8.

(a) Craniotomy in an excised mouse skull performed using femtosecond laser ablation with spatially chirped pulses (on left). For comparison, we show a traditional craniotomy performed with a hand-held dental drill (on right). The 1 mm wide × 2 mm long × 0.3 mm deep craniotomy was produced with less than 20 minutes of laser ablation. (b) Top and (c) tilted-right enlarged views of the femtosecond laser craniotomy.