Table 3.
Demographic, anthropometric, serum and urinary characteristics of non-Stone-forming subjects from Dallas and number of features of the MSa
| Number of MS features |
P for trend | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 (N = 29) | 1 (N = 28) | 2 (N = 20) | 3 (N = 12) | ≥4 (N = 20) | ||
| Gender, male/female; n ( % ) | 13/16 (45/55) | 14/14 (50/50) | 11/9 (55/45) | 7/5 (58/42) | 12/8 (60/40) | 0.8 |
| Ethnicity, White/Asian/Hispanic | 24/3/2 | 22/4/2 | 15/3/2 | 10/1/1 | 14/1/5 | 0.6 |
| Age, years | 38 ± 12 | 35 ± 13 | 47 ± 15 | 50 ± 18 | 54 ± 11 | < 0.0001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 22.9 ± 3.5 | 24.6 ± 3.7 | 28.1 ± 3.6 | 32.8 ± 4.5 | 35.2 ± 6.1 | < 0.0001 |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 113 ± 9 | 111 ± 11 | 126 ± 16 | 131 ± 18 | 133 ± 15 | < 0.0001 |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | 72 ± 9 | 70 ± 11 | 78 ± 10 | 77 ± 10 | 82 ± 8 | < 0.0001 |
| Serum | ||||||
| Glucose, mmol/L | 4.9 ± 0.4 | 4.9 ± 0.6 | 5.7 ± 1.1 | 5.8 ± 1.4 | 7.0 ± 2.4 | < 0.0001 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 0.73 ± 0.35 | 0.96 ± 0.62 | 1.81 ± 1.07 | 1.23 ± 0.49 | 3.01 ± 1.43 | < 0.0001 |
| HDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 1.46 ± 0.27 | 1.14 ± 0.25 | 1.16 ± 0.22 | 1.05 ± 0.26 | 0.97 ± 0.16 | < 0.0001 |
| Insulin, pmol/L | 42 ± 24 | 50 ± 38 | 72 ± 33. | 91 ± 34. | 129 ± 72 | < 0.0001. |
| HOMA-IR | 0.8 ± 0.4 | 0.9 ± 0.5 | 1.3 ± 0.6 | 1.7 ± 0.6 | 2.5 ± 1.4 | < 0.0001. |
| Urine | ||||||
| Total volume, L/day | 1.95 ± 0.94 | 1.66 ± 0.79 | 2.05 ± 0.85 | 2.27 ± 1.29 | 2.13 ± 1.39 | 0.2 |
| Calcium, mmol/day | 3.6 ± 1.8 | 3.7 ± 2.0 | 4.3 ± 1.9 | 4.6 ± 2.2 | 6.0 ± 2.9 | 0.0003 |
| Oxalate, mmol/day | 292 ± 101 | 302 ± 86 | 329 ± 109 | 341 ± 113 | 340 ± 124 | 0.06 |
| Uric acid, mmol/day | 2.84 ± 0.91 | 3.06 ± 1.31 | 3.07 ± 1.17 | 3.30 ± 0.83 | 3.21 ± 1.09 | 0.2 |
| pH | 6.23 ± 0.44 | 6.19 ± 0.44 | 5.91 ± 0.38 | 5.87 ± 0.51 | 5.55 ± 0.47 | < 0.0001 |
| Citrate, mEq/day | 8.9 ± 4.2 | 10.9 ± 4.2 | 9.8 ± 3.8 | 7.5 ± 4.2 | 9.6 ± 3.5 | 0.5 |
| Sulfate, mmol/day | 17.0 ± 6.7 | 17.3 ± 8.4 | 21.6 ± 7.3 | 19.3 ± 4.8 | 24.5 ± 9.6 | 0.002 |
| NAE, mEq/day | 33.6 ± 25.3 | 32.2 ± 25.9 | 50.8 ± 25.5 | 52.4 ± 26.7 | 64.8 ± 29.1 | < 0.0001 |
| NAE, mEq/day (calculated) | 32.5 ± 22.8. | 31.1 ± 22.8. | 45.7 ± 24.1. | 47.7 ± 21.8. | 64.8 ± 35.4. | < 0.0001. |
| NH4+/NAE | 0.85 (0.66–0.97) | 0.74 (0.53–1.09) | 0.62 (0.52–0.79) | 0.58 (0.54–0.69) | 0.56 (0.46–0.65) | < 0.0001 |
| Creatinine clearance, mL/s | 1.77 ± 0.32 | 1.87 ± 0.55 | 2.08 ± 0.68 | 2.10 ± 0.90 | 2.20 ± 0.67 | 0.008 |
| Supersaturation indices | ||||||
| SI CaOx (vol adjusted) | 2.76 ± 1.21 | 2.74 ± 1.45 | 3.30 ± 1.15 | 3.95 ± 1.89 | 4.45 ± 1.65 | < 0.0001 |
| SI Br (volume adjusted) | 0.91 ± 0.50 | 0.97 ± 0.67 | 0.92 ± 0.50 | 1.07 ± 0.90 | 0.88 ± 0.57 | 0.9 |
aValues are expressed as mean ± SD except where otherwise noted.