Table 2. Mechanisms of mTORC1 activation by Western diet.

Compound of Western diet	Mechanisms of mTORC1 activation
High total calories ( = high energy)	Reduced activity of AMPK
High glycemic load ( = high energy)	Reduced activity of AMPK Increased insulin signaling
High fat intake ( = high energy)	Reduced activity of AMPK
High alcohol intake ( = high energy)	Reduced activity of AMPK
High dairy protein intake ( = high leucine)	Increased insulin/IGF-1 signaling and leucine-mediated mTORC1 activation
High meat intake ( = high leucine)	Leucine- and IGF-1-mediated mTORC1 activation