Table 2.

Demographics of study population^*

Variable	Category	cSLE (n=40)	Controls (n=40)	p-value
Age at enrollment (years)		14.8 ± 2.3	13.9 ± 3.2	0.03
Gender	Female	85.0%	85.0%	1.0
Ethnicity	White	30.0%	32.5%	0.98
	Black	45.0%	47.5%
	Hispanic	17.5%	15.0%
	Asian and other	7.5%	5%
Grade Level	Elementary School (4-6)	20.0%	20.0%	1.0
	Middle School (7-8)	17.5%	17.5%
	High School (9-12)	62.5%	62.5%
Maternal education level	No High School Diploma	7.5%	10.0%	0.7
	Completed High School Diploma	30.0%	37.5%
	Education Beyond High School	62.5%	52.5%
Family Income	< $25,000	20.0%	15.8%	0.81
	$26-$50,000	35.0%	34.2%
	$51-$75,000	20.0%	28.9%
	>$75,000	25.0%	21.1%
cSLE Duration (months)		23.7 ± 23.1
Physician assessment of disease activity†		2.4 ± 2.0
Disease activity (SLEDAI-2k)‡		4.9 ± 4.4
Disease activity (BILAG)§		3.0 ± 3.8
Disease damage (SDI)∥		0.4 ± 0.8
On Prednisone therapy		77.5%
Prednisone daily dose [mg] (N=31)		19.8 ± 17.4

^*Except where indicated otherwise, values are mean ± SD; cSLE = childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus.

^†Measured on categorical Likert scale with 0 = inactive cSLE; 10 = very active cSLE.

^‡Systemic Lupus Disease Activity Index; range 0 – 104; 0 = inactive cSLE.

^§British Isles Lupus Activity Group Index; A=9; B= 3; C= 1; D or E= 0; lower scores indicate lower cSLE activity.

^∥Systemic Lupus Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology damage index.