Table 3.

Group comparisons for cognitive, behavioral, emotional, and executive functioning indices^*

			p-value
Variable	cSLE	Controls	cSLE vs Controls†	cSLE vs Population Norms‡
WASI Full Scale IQ	101.0 ± 11.6	98.6 ± 12.6	0.24	0.62
Wechsler Working Memory Index	90.4 ± 20.0	94.3 ± 13.3	0.27	<0.01
Wechsler Processing Speed Index	94.3 ± 21.2	100.0 ± 13.0	0.09	0.02
WRAML-II Screening Index	102.8 ± 14.1	100.2 ± 14.0	0.37	0.23
WJ-III Letter-Word Identification	96.9 ± 10.4	96.3 ± 10.6	0.74	0.20
WJ-III Calculation	96.8 ± 14.5	94.2 ± 15.6	0.31	0.20
CPT-II Omissions	52.6 ± 13.8	55.8 ± 17.3	0.37	0.10
CPT-II Commissions	48.5 ± 7.4	50.4 ± 10.3	0.35	0.34
CPT-II Hit Reaction Time Standard Error	48.6 ± 10.7	49.6 ± 10.0	0.64	0.36
CBCL Anxiety/Depression Scale	52.2 ± 4.0	52.5 ± 4.0	0.71	0.17
CBCL Externalizing Problems	46.0 ± 8.0	47.1 ± 8.6	0.49	0.01
CBCL Total Problems	48.3 ± 10.0	47.2 ± 8.3	0.54	0.28
CDI Total Score	43.8 ± 7.7	44.3 ± 8.0	0.76	<0.01
BRIEF Behavioral Regulation Index	46.4 ± 7.0	47.6 ± 7.6	0.44	0.02
BRIEF Metacognition Index	49.0 ± 10.0	48.0 ± 7.4	0.59	0.54
BRIEF Global Executive Composite	47.8 ± 8.5	47.6 ± 7.2	0.88	0.16

^*All values are mean ± SD; cSLE = childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus.

^†Paired-samples t-test

^‡Single-sample z-test

WASI = Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence; Wechsler = Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 4^th Ed (<17 years) and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, 4^th Ed (17+ years); WRAML-II = Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning, 2^nd Ed; WJ-III = Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Achievement, 3^rd Ed; CPT-II = Conners’ Continuous Performance Test, 2^nd Ed. BRIEF = Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function; CBCL = Child Behavior Checklist; CDI = Children's Depression Inventory. See Table 1 and text for further detail about psychometric variables.