NRK52E cells (rat proximal tubular epithelial cell line) were cultured in the presence of Vehicle (media), TGF-β1, CsA or TAC. After four hours of treatment, Nox2 mRNA levels increased by 2.2 (CsA 1 μM), 6.8 (CsA 10 μM), 2.3 (TAC 1μM), 2.1 (TAC 10 μM), 1.8 (TGF-β1 10 ng/ml) and 2 (TGF-β1 20 ng/ml) fold compared to control. All studies were performed in triplicate.