Table 3.

Comparisons of behaviors (median, range) performed in an elevated plus maze among housing conditions and between paternally and nonpaternally responsive male California mice.

	Isolated virgins N=13	Paired virgins N=13	Expectant fathers N=11	New fathers N=10	Kruskal-Wallis Pa	Paternal N=35	Nonpaternal N=12	Mann-Whitney Pb
% Time in closed arms	0.510 0.228 – 0.995	0.303 0.146 – 0.928	0.455 0.199 – 0.745	0.387 0.230 – 0.534	0.060	0.345 0.199 – 0.995	0.354 0.146 – 0.622	0.329
% Time in center	0.168 0.004 – 0.368	0.177 0.070 – 0.404	0.185 0.121 – 0.360	0.261 0.192 – 0.376	0.010	0.192 0.004 – 0.404	0.176 0.026 – 0.282	0.232
% Time in open arms	0.320 0 – 0.713	0.490 0 – 0.722	0.355 0.096 – 0.568	0.385 0.096 – 0.452	0.076	0.378 0 – 0.713	0.473 0.095 – 0.722	0.045
% Time immobile	0.048 0 – 0.346	0.006 0 – 0.143	0.004 0 – 0.176	0 0 – 0.103	0.272	0.004 0 – 0.196	0.005 0 – 0.349	0.969
Head-dips (no.)	4 0 – 14	11 0 – 44	4 0 – 32	15.5 0 – 33	0.009	5 0 – 33	9.5 0 – 44	0.346
Entries into closed arms (no.)	14 2 – 42	16 6 – 23	15 7 – 38	17.5 8 – 24	0.810	15 2 – 38	17.5 3 – 42	0.608
Entries into center (no.)	27 1 – 68	35 6 – 53	28 16 – 50	38.5 19 – 45	0.253	29 1 – 50	35.5 4 – 68	0.179
Entries into open arms (no.)	12 0 – 27	20 0 – 31	11 5 – 20	20.5 8 – 28	0.019	12 0 – 28	21 2 – 31	0.023
Fecal pellets (no.)	4 0 – 11	3 0 – 13	0 0 – 8	0.5 0 – 11	0.204	1 0 – 13	0.5 0 – 8	0.369
Total entries (no.)	27 2 – 69	35 6 – 53	29 18 – 49	38 19 – 45	0.270	31 2 – 49	36 5 – 69	0.160

Bold indicates P-values that are statistically significant following pFDR procedure (see Methods).