Table 1.
Baseline Demographics and Clinical Characteristics
| Total (n=46) | Group I (n=20) | Group II (n=20) | Group III (n=6) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 27 (59%) | 13 (65%) | 10 (50%) | 4 (66.7%) |
| Female | 19 (41%) | 7 (35%) | 10 (50%) | 2 (33.3%) |
| Age (years) | 52 (12) | 44 (12) | 60 (7) | 55 (7) |
| Race | ||||
| White | 45 (98%) | 20 (100%) | 20 (100%) | 5 (83%) |
| African American | 1 (2%) | — | — | 1 (17%) |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Non-Hispanic/Latino | 46 (100%) | 20 (100%) | 20 (100%) | 6 (100%) |
| Insulin typesa | ||||
| Glargine | 40 (89.9%) | 20 (100%) | 20 (100%) | — |
| Lispro | 22 (55%) | 13 (65%) | 9 (45%) | — |
| Aspart | 18 (45%) | 7 (35%) | 11 (55%) | — |
| Aspart-mix70/30 | 5 (10.9%) | — | — | 5 (83%) |
| Humulin-mix70/30 | 1 (2.2%) | — | — | 1 (17%) |
| Other medications | ||||
| Glucophage | 17 (37%) | — | 12 (60%) | 5 (83%) |
| Glipizide | 1 (2%) | — | 1 (5%) | — |
| Diabetes complications | ||||
| Retinopathy | 11 (24%) | 6 (30%) | 5 (25%) | — |
| Nephropathy | 11 (24%) | 3 (15%) | 4 (20%) | 4 (67%) |
| Neuropathy | 18 (39%) | 4 (20%) | 10 (50%) | 4 (67%) |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Hypertension | 24 (52%) | 2 (10%) | 17 (85%) | 5 (83%) |
| Dyslipidemia | 41 (89%) | 16 (80%) | 19 (95%) | 6 (100%) |
| Coronary artery disease | 6 (13%) | 1 (5%) | 4 (20%) | 1 (17%) |
| Congestive heart failure | 1 (2%) | — | 1 (5%) | — |
| Cerebral vascular disease | 1 (2%) | — | 1 (5%) | — |
| Smoking (current) | 4 (8.7%) | 2 (10%) | 2 (10%) | — |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 33 (7) | 28 (5) | 37 (6) | 35 (4) |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | 18 (10) | 25 (11) | 14 (5) | 11 (3) |
| Baseline HbA1c (%) | 8.9 (1.1) | 8.9 (0.9) | 8.8 (0.8) | 9.0 (2.1) |
Data are number (%) or mean (SD).
a
Glargine® (sanofi-aventis, Bridgewater, NJ), Lispro® (Eli Lilly, Indianapolis, IN), Aspart® (Novo-Nordisk, Princeton, NJ), Aspart-mix70/30® (Novo-Nordisk), or Humulin-mix70/30® (NPH/regular) (Eli Lilly).
BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin.