Table 2.

Serum (S) and Cerebrospinal Fluid (C) Biomarker Levels in Patients with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury

Biomarker	n (valid)	n (missing)	Mean	Median	SD	Minimum	Maximum
GFAP_24S	44	1	2.823	0.203	6.760	0.002	29.028
UCH-L1_24S	40	5	1.698	0.653	2.623	0.025	11.370
GFAP_1S	42	3	3.456	0.291	8.428	0.009	40.865
UCH-L1_1S	41	4	2.551	0.765	4.488	0.026	19.773
GFAP_24C	36	9	4.641	0.646	9.978	0.015	49.614
UCH-L1_24C	41	4	137.051	78.188	143.654	7.900	611.411
GFAP_1C	34	11	4.114	0.807	8.403	0.036	38.069
UCH-L1_1C	41	4	151.133	80.940	153.953	7.900	597.932
SBDP145_24C	41	4	58.319	31.858	82.515	4.867	471.120
SBDP145_1C	41	4	45.829	29.915	57.345	5.501	298.570

All biomarker levels are expressed in ng/mL.

GFAP, glial fibrillary acidic protein; UCH-L1, ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1; SBDP145, 145-kDa αII-spectrin breakdown product; 1S, first measured level in serum; 1C, first measured level in cerebrospinal fluid; 24S, average of all measured serum levels within 24 h post-injury; 24C, average of all measured cerebrospinal fluid levels within 24 h post-injury; n (valid), number of cases with measurable biomarker levels; n (missing), number of cases with unmeasurable biomarker levels; SD, standard deviation.