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. 2012 Jul 30;209(8):1445–1456. doi: 10.1084/jem.20120504

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© 2012 Ubeda et al.

This article is distributed under the terms of an Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike–No Mirror Sites license for the first six months after the publication date (see http://www.rupress.org/terms). After six months it is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike 3.0 Unported license, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/).

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Figure 1. — Impact of TLR signaling versus lineage origin on the overall microbial composition of the cecal microbiota. (A) PCoA plot of the unweighted UniFrac analysis of cecal samples of MyD88, TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, or TLR9 KO mouse colonies and their respective WT/Het littermates. Each mouse colony contains five to seven KO and five to seven WT/Het mice and is labeled with a different color, as indicated. When mouse colonies are analyzed separately, the litter origin of each mouse is indicated with a different symbol shape. (B) The mean UniFrac distances for each mouse in a colony versus (a) all other mice from the same litter with the same genotype, (b) all other mice from the same litter that had a different genotype, or (c) all other mice within that colony belonging to a different litter were calculated and plotted. A higher UniFrac distance denotes greater dissimilarity between two microbial communities. Error bars indicate ±SEM. Asterisks denote statistically significant differences in UniFrac distances between groups (Student's t test: *, P < 0.05; ***, P < 0.001).