Table 2.
Signaling proteins and their link to adhesion structures and disease. +Humans mutations are associated with disease. Mutations in dynamin are linked to centronuclear myopathy and Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy in humans. ∗Bone mass regulation is based on knockout mice studies. Other disease indications are predicted based on animal studies and in vitro studies. n/d: not determined. See text for details.
| Adhesion protein | Cell type | Adhesion structure | Disease indication |
|---|---|---|---|
| FAK | osteoblasts | focal adhesions | regulation of bone density∗ |
| osteoclasts | podosomes | regulation of bone density∗ | |
| endothelial cells | podosomes? | angiogenesis | |
| lung carcinoma cells | podosomes | cancer metastasis | |
| various cancer cells | invadopodia | cancer metastasis | |
|
| |||
| Pyk2 | osteoblasts | focal adhesions | regulation of bone density∗ |
| osteoclasts | podosomes | regulation of bone density∗ | |
| endothelial cells | podosomes? | angiogenesis | |
| various cancer cells | invadopodia | cancer metastasis | |
|
| |||
| Src | osteoblasts | focal adhesions | regulation of bone density∗ |
| osteoclasts | podosomes | regulation of bone density∗ | |
| various cancer cells | invadopodia | cancer metastasis | |
|
| |||
| Dynamin | fibroblasts | focal adhesions | n/d |
| osteoblasts | focal adhesions | regulation of bone density∗ | |
| osteoclasts | podosomes | regulation of bone density∗ | |
| neurons | n/d | neuropathy+ | |
|
| |||
| Twist1 | epithelial cells | invadopodia | cancer metastasis |
|
| |||
| TKS4/5 | human cancer cells | invadopodia | cancer metastasis |
|
| |||
| Leupaxin | osteoclasts | podosomes | regulation of bone density∗ |
| cancer cells | invadopodia | cancer metastasis | |
|
| |||
| Fgd1 | osteoblasts | focal adhesions? | skeletal abnormalities+ |
| cancer cells | invadopodia | prostate and breast cancer metastasis | |