Table 2.
Descriptive statistics (mean, SD) for experimental measures for study groups 1–3 at time 1 (pretest) and time 2 (posttest)a.
| Variable name | Time 1 | Time 2 | ||||
| Group 1 (n = 55) |
Group 2 (n = 55) |
Group 3 (n = 55) |
Group 1 (n = 50) |
Group 2 (n = 51) |
Group 3 (n = 50) |
|
| Health outcomes | 5.9 (1.7) | 6.1 (1.7) | 5.9 (1.8) | 5.9 (1.7) | 6.0 (1.5) | 5.8 (1.8) |
| Knowledge | 6.1 (1.8) | 5.6 (1.9) | 5.9 (1.6) | 6.4 (1.9) | 6.1 (1.7) | 6.4 (1.6) |
| Meaning-1 | 6.3 (1.4) | 6.4 (1.3) | 6.5 (0.9) | 6.6 (0.8) | 6.3 (1.3) | 6.4 (1.0) |
| Meaning-2 | 6.0 (1.6) | 6.1 (1.2) | 5.9 (1.5) | 6.2 (1.3) | 6.1 (1.3) | 5.8 (1.5) |
| Meaning-3 | 6.3 (1.2) | 6.2 (1.2) | 6.2 (1.2) | 6.4 (1.0) | 6.3 (1.0) | 5.9 (1.4) |
| Competence-1 | 5.3 (1.6) | 5.1 (1.8) | 5.2 (1.7) | 5.6 (1.4) | 5.5 (1.4) | 5.3 (1.7) |
| Competence-2 | 4.5 (1.8) | 4.4 (2.0) | 4.6 (1.9) | 5.0 (1.6) | 4.8 (1.8) | 4.8 (1.9) |
| Competence-3 | 5.3 (1.8) | 5.0 (1.9) | 5.7 (1.3) | 5.3 (1.4) | 4.9 (1.5) | 5.5 (1.4) |
| Self-determination-1 | 4.3 (1.9) | 4.2 (1.9) | 4.6 (2.0) | 4.7 (1.7) | 4.9 (1.6) | 5.1 (1.8) |
| Self-determination-2 | 3.5 (2.3) | 3.5 (1.9) | 4.2 (2.2) | 3.7 (1.9) | 4.1 (2.0) | 4.5 (2.0) |
| Self-determination-3 | 4.0 (2.3) | 4.0 (1.9) | 4.1 (2.0) | 4.1 (2.0) | 4.5 (1.9) | 4.5 (2.0) |
| Impact-1 | 4.4 (2.0) | 4.4 (1.9) | 4.2 (2.2) | 5.3 (1.4) | 5.1 (1.7) | 4.8 (1.8) |
| Impact-2 | 3.5 (1.8) | 3.6 (2.0) | 3.8 (2.1) | 4.2 (1.7) | 4.5 (1.7) | 4.2 (1.8) |
| Impact-3 | 3.7 (2.0) | 4.3 (2.0) | 4.0 (1.9) | 4.5 (1.8) | 5.0 (1.5) | 4.1 (1.9) |
a Three items compose each empowerment construct.