. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Sep 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Pharm Sci. 2011 Apr 11;100(9):3655–3681. doi: 10.1002/jps.22568

Table 4.

Summary of disposition of formononetin (10, Fig. 6) and biochanin A (11, Fig. 6) via glucuronidation using Caco-2 and intestinal perfusion models

	Formononetin	Biochanin A
Caco-2 Model ⁹⁴
Permeability (P_app)	1.7 ×10⁻⁵ cm/s	1.6 ×10⁻⁵ cm/s
Cell lysate glucuronidation	N/A	N/A
AL excreted glucuronide	0.60 nmol ^a	0.49 nmol ^a
BL excreted glucuronide	1.50 nmol ^a	0.64 nmol ^a
Rat intestine Perfusion Model ⁹⁴
P^*_eff	> 1.0	2.5
% absorbed	39%	70%
M_gut/M_ab	29%	7%
M_bile/M_ab	46%	12%
Intestinal excreted^#	31 nmol	12 nmol
Biliary excreted^#	51 nmol	20 nmol
Intestinal microsomes glucuronidation	K_m = 5~8.4 μM and CL_int = 0.14 ml/min/mg	K_m = 2.7~7 μM and CL_int = 0.4 ml/min/mg
Liver microsomes glucuronidation	CL_int = 0.041 ml/min/mg	CL_int = 0.12 ml/min/mg
Regional glucuronidation	duodenum >ileum >colon > jejunum	duodenum > jejunum >ileum >colon
Regional excretion	duodenum >ileum> jejunum > colon	duodenum > ileum > jejunum >colon
Mouse intestine Perfusion Model ⁹⁵
P^*_eff	> 2.5	N/A
Intestinal glucuronides excreted	7–10 nmol/30 min/10 cm	N/A

maximal amount per 30min;

at the end 4 hour of experiment; all perfusion experiments were performed at 10 μM of flavonoids and a flow rate of 0.181 ml/min. The total amount of compound perfused over a 30-min for each segment was 57 nmol.