Table 1.

Parameter definitions and values used for numerical simulations of the transmission of huanglongbing from infectious adult psyllids to citrus flush and from infectious flush to psyllid nymphs and adults

Parameter	Definition	Value	Units	Reference*
	Mortality rate of nymphs	0.0035	d−1	(6)
	Effective time spent per visit on a flush	0.10–0.15	d	(5)
	Feeding rate for inoculation to occur	4.8	d−1	(5, 18)
	Rate at which eggs become non viable	0.011	d−1	(6)
	Rate at which infected flush becomes infectious	0.005–0.033	d−1	Estimate (3)
	Rate at which asymptomatic infected flush becomes symptomatic	0.005–0.033	d−1	Estimate (3)
	Number of flushes visited per day	1.0	d−1	Estimate
	Feeding rate by adult vectors for acquisition to occur	48–96	d−1	(2)
	Feeding rate by nymphs for acquisition	12	d−1	Estimate†
	Rate at which nymphs become adults	0.078	d−1	(6)
	Mortality rate of adult	0.025	d−1	(6)
	Rate of oviposition	15.77	d−1	(6)
	Rate at which eggs become nymphs	0.24	d−1	(6)
	Maturation rate of flush‡	0.071	d−1	(6, 8)
	Infectiousness of symptomatic flush	3	—	(22)
	Increased infectiousness of	6	—	(18)
	Emigration rate of adult psyllids	0.4	d−1	Estimate
	Internal transmission rate among flushes	0.2–0.35	d−1	Estimate
	Baseline input rate of healthy flush	0.5	d−1	Estimate
	Strength of seasonality	0.9	1	Estimate
	Period	π/90		Estimate

*Parameter values from ref. 6 were at an average temperature of 28 °C. See SI Text.

^†The assumption made is based on the fact that nymphs have a shorter piercing mouth; therefore, it would take longer to obtain Las for nymphs than for adults.

^‡The rate was deduced from the fact that Pluke et al. (8) noted that by the time flushes expanded and hardened, nymphs would have completed their development. (Value of development from egg to adult used is from ref. 6.)