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. 2012 Aug;97(8):2566–2572. doi: 10.1210/jc.2012-1314

Table 1.

Mutations of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes (reviewed in Refs. 57)

Gene Frequency (no. of studies)
Axin 82% (1)
TP53 55% (4)
Catenin β 1 38% (2)
BRAF 26% (11)
Ras 22% (6)
PIK3CA 17% (3)
PTEN 12% (2)
ALK 11% (1)
APC 9% (1)

PIK3CA, Phosphoinositide-3-kinase, catalytic α; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog; ALK, anaplastic lymphoma kinase; APC, adenomatous polyposis coli.