Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics According to Vital Status and Cardiorespiratory Fitness (CRF) Groups, Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study, 1971-2003
| Characteristic | Survivors (n = 3,071) |
Decedents (n = 989) |
P-Value | Low CRF (n = 572) |
Moderate CRF (n = 1,559) |
High CRF (n = 1,929) |
P-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean ± SD | 64.4 ± 4.9 | 65.4 ± 5.1 | <.001 | 66.2 ± 5.3 | 64.8 ± 4.9 | 64.0 ± 4.8 | <.001 |
| 60-69 | 88.3 | 81.4 | 77.0 | 85.6 | 90.3 | ||
| 70-79 | 10.5 | 16.8 | <.001 | 20.5 | 13.3 | 8.5 | < .001 |
| ≥80 | 1.2 | 1.8 | 2.5 | 1.1 | 1.2 | ||
| Female, % | 27.9 | 14.7 | <.001 | 23.1 | 22.7 | 26.8 | .01 |
| Follow-up, years, mean ± SD | 13.4 ± 7.4 | 14.3 ± 7.2 | .001 | 13.9 ± 7.8 | 14.3 ± 7.5 | 13.0 ± 7.1 | <.001 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2, mean ± SD | 26.0 ± 3.8 | 25.8 ± 3.8 | .27 | 27.9 ± 4.9 | 26.7 ± 3.7 | 24.8 ± 3.1 | <.001 |
| Maximal metabolic equivalents achieved during treadmill test, mean ± SD |
9.1 ± 2.2 | 8.3 ± 2.3 | <.001 | 5.8 ± 0.7 | 7.9 ± 0.9 | 10.6 ± 1.7 | <.001 |
| Treadmill time, minutes, mean ± SD | 12.5 ± 4.7 | 10.8 ± 4.9 | <.001 | 5.2 ± 1.6 | 10.0 ± 2.0 | 15.8 ± 3.8 | <.001 |
| Lipids, mmol/L, mean ± SD | |||||||
| Total cholesterol* | 5.7 ± 1.1 | 5.8 ± 1.1 | .02 | 5.8 ± 1.1 | 5.7 ± 1.1 | 5.6 ± 1.1 | <.001 |
| High-density lipoprotein cholesterol† | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 1.2 ± 0.4 | <.001 | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 1.4 ± 0.4 | <.001 |
| Triglycerides‡ | 1.5 ± 1.0 | 1.5 ± 0.9 | .49 | 1.8 ± 1.1 | 1.7 ± 1.0 | 1.3 ± 0.8 | <.001 |
| Fasting blood glucose, mmol/L, mean ± SD§ | 5.8 ± 1.3 | 5.9 ± 1.4 | .19 | 6.3 ± 2.1 | 5.9 ± 1.4 | 5.7 ± 1.0 | <.001 |
| Blood pressure, mmHg, mean ± SD | |||||||
| Systolic∥ | 129 ± 17 | 133 ± 18 | <.001 | 133 ± 18 | 131 ± 17 | 128 ± 17 | <.001 |
| Diastolic# | 82 ± 10 | 83 ± 10 | .03 | 83 ± 11 | 83 ± 10 | 81 ± 10 | <.001 |
| Physically inactive, %** | 29.1 | 40.8 | <.001 | 56.3 | 42.3 | 16.4 | < .001 |
| Current smoker, % | 8.3 | 13.4 | <.001 | 16.4 | 11.0 | 6.4 | < .001 |
| Abnormal electrocardiogram during exercise, % | 26.3 | 39.9 | <.001 | 48.6 | 31.9 | 22.1 | < .001 |
| Baseline medical conditions, % | |||||||
| Myocardial infarction | 3.5 | 8.3 | <.001 | 9.8 | 5.7 | 2.3 | < .001 |
| Stroke | 0.6 | 0.5 | .69 | 1.2 | 0.6 | 0.4 | .09 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 4.6 | 6.3 | .03 | 10.0 | 4.9 | 3.6 | < .001 |
| Hypertension | 45.3 | 55.1 | <.001 | 58.0 | 52.2 | 41.0 | < .001 |
| Cancer | 6.1 | 1.6 | <.001 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 6.3 | .002 |
| Family history of premature cardiovascular disease, % | 15.1 | 7.2 | <.001 | 13.5 | 11.7 | 14.3 | .07 |
| Family history of cancer (%) | 31.8 | 5.8 | <.001 | 20.3 | 22.1 | 29.7 | < .001 |
*
Normal range 2.59–5.15 mmol/L (100–199 mg/dL).
†
Normal range 0–2.56 mmol/L (0–99mg/dL).
‡
Normal range 0–1.68 mmol/L (0–149 mg/dL).
§
Normal range 3.89–6.11mmoll/L (70–110mg/dL).
∥
Normal range<120mmHg.
#
Normal range < 80 mmHg.
**
Individuals reporting no leisure-time physical activity in the 3 months before the examination. SD = standard deviation.