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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Aug 2.
Published in final edited form as: J Am Geriatr Soc. 2007 Nov 2;55(12):1940–1947. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01455.x

Table 2.

All-Cause, Cardiovascular Disease (CVD), and Cancer Mortality According to Cardiorespiratory Fitness (CRF) Group in Older Adults

Cause of Death Deaths,
n (rate)* 		Model † Model 2‡
Hazard Ratio (95%
Confidence Interval)
All causes
 Low CRF 256 (30.9) 1.00 (Referent) 1.00 (Referent)
 Moderate CRF 415 (18.3) 0.59 (0.51-0.69) 0.71 (0.59-0.85)
 High CRF 318 (13.4) 0.43 (0.37-0.51) 0.59 (0.47-0.74)
 Pfor linear trend <.001 < .001
CVD
 Low CRF 134 (15.9) 1.00 (Referent) 1.00 (Referent)
 Moderate CRF 194 (8.6) 0.54 (0.44-0.68) 0.77 (0.59-1.00)
 High CRF 125 (5.4) 0.34 (0.27-0.44) 0.57 (0.41-0.80)
 P for linear trend < .001 .001
Cancer
 Low CRF 49 (6.1) 1.00 (Referent) 1.00 (Referent)
 Moderate CRF 111 (4.9) 0.80 (0.57-1.13) 0.92 (0.61-1.37)
 High CRF 103 (4.2) 0.70 (0.49-0.99) 0.84 (0.52-1.34)
 P for linear trend .04 .45
*

Rate per 1,000 person-years adjusted for age, sex, and examination year.

†

Adjusted for age, sex, and examination year.

‡

Adjusted for the above plus current smoking (yes or no), body mass index, hypercholesterolemia (yes or no), baseline medical conditions (myocardial infarction, stroke, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or cancer, yes or no for each), family history of CVD or cancer (yes or no), abnormal exercise electrocardiogram response (yes or no), and percentage maximal heart rate achieved during exercise testing.