Table II.
Univariate and multivariate incidence rate ratios (IRR, 95% CI) of falls; negative binomial models
| Risk factor; unit for IRR change | IRR (95% CI) Univariate (n = 555) | IRR (95% CI) Multivariate1 (n = 526) |
| Baseline age; one year | 1.03 (0.99–1.08) | |
| Female; yes/no | 1.04 (0.80–1.29) | |
| ≥ 2 falls past year; yes/no | 2.15 (1.68–2.76) | 1.91 (1.49–2.44) |
| Sedentary physical activity past year; yes/no | 1.51 (1.17–1.95) | |
| Rather or very poor self-rated health; yes/no | 1.55 (1.15–2.09) | |
| Somewhat or clearly worsening mental agility past year; yes/no | 1.53 (1.20–1.96) | |
| Anxiety, nervousness, or fear2; yes/no | 1.73 (1.31–2.28) | 1.56 (1.19–2.03) |
| Sleeping problem2; yes/no | 1.18 (0.86–1.63) | |
| Urination problem2; yes/no | 1.79 (1.22–2.64) | |
| Breathlessness2; yes/no | 1.20 (0.94–1.54) | |
| Trouble with vision when moving; yes/no | 1.69 (1.28–2.22) | 1.46 (1.13–1.90) |
| Body mass index; < 18.5/18.5 < 25/25 < 30/≥ 30 kg/m2 | 1.44 (1.02–2.02) | |
| Short Geriatric Depression scale ≥ 7; yes/no | 1.59 (1.21–2.08) | |
| Mini Mental State Examination test < 20; yes/no | 1.25 (0.90–1.76) | |
| Sum score of lower extremity function3; one point | 0.93 (0.90–0.97) | |
| Number of used drugs; one drug | 1.06 (1.03–1.10) | |
| Use of antipsychotic4 drug; yes/no | 2.15 (1.36–3.40) | 1.66 (1.07–2.58) |
| Use of anxiolytic5; yes/no | 0.92 (0.63–1.37) | |
| Use of hypnotic6; yes/no | 1.40 (1.10–1.79) | |
| Use of antidepressant7; yes/no | 1.82 (1.32–2.50) | |
| Use of diuretic8; yes/no | 1.16 (0.92–1.47) | |
| Use of digitalis9; yes/no | 1.11 (0.82–1.49) | |
| Use of beta blocker10; yes/no | 1.23 (0.97–1.56) | |
| Use of calcium channel blocker11; yes/no | 0.92 (0.64–1.33) | |
| Use of drug affecting rennin-angiotensin system12; yes/no | 0.97 (0.72–1.31) |
Notes: 1Adjusted for all the significant variables in univariate analyses (≥ 2 falls past year; rather or very poor self-rated health; somewhat or clearly worsening mental agility past year; anxiety, nervousness, or fear; urination problem last two weeks; trouble with vision when moving; body mass index; Short Geriatric Depression scale ≥ 7; number of drugs used; use of an antipsychotic drug; use of a hypnotic drug; use of an antidepressant drug); stepwise backward elimination of the non-significant variables; 2feelings of anxiety, nervousness, or fear, sleeping problem, difficulty in urination or breathlessness disturbing life a little or a lot during the previous two weeks; 3lower extremity performance score (0–12) formed from balance (0–4), walking speed (0–4), and chair stand (0–4) scores [22]; ATC group 4N05A, 5N05B, 6N05C, 7N06A, 8C03, 9C01A, 10C07, 11C08, 12C09.