Table A1.
Relative metabolite content of treated and control Arabidopsis leaf disks.
| Control 2 h | Control 4 h | SP 2 h | SP 4 h | CESP 2 h | CESP 4 h | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AMINO ACIDS | ||||||
| Alanine | 1 ± 0.17 | 1.13 ± 0.29 | 4.04 ± 0.35 | 4.34 ± 0.49 | 4.42 ± 0.74 | 4.29 ± 0.51 |
| Alanine, beta | 1 ± 0.15 | 1.5 ± 0.72 | 1.12 ± 0.33 | 1.25 ± 0.29 | 1.37 ± 0.65 | 1.11 ± 0.52 |
| Arginine | 1 ± 0.32 | 1.61 ± 0.67 | 1.24 ± 0.35 | 1.32 ± 0.36 | 1.12 ± 0.41 | 1.05 ± 0.02 |
| Asparagine | 1 ± 0.24 | 1.48 ± 0.58 | 0.61 ± 0.17 | 0.72 ± 0.15 | 0.7 ± 0.17 | 0.61 ± 0.13 |
| Aspartate | 1 ± 0.45 | 0.97 ± 0.58 | 0.97 ± 0.56 | 0.67 ± 0.3 | 1.03 ± 0.24 | 0.62 ± 0.18 |
| Cysteine | 1 ± 0.14 | 1.35 ± 0.28 | 1.36 ± 0.23 | 1.87 ± 0.13 | 1.42 ± 0.21 | 2.01 ± 0.25 |
| GABA | 1 ± 0.31 | 1.29 ± 0.41 | 1.77 ± 0.17 | 1.71 ± 0.17 | 1.67 ± 0.15 | 1.69 ± 0.16 |
| Glutamate | 1 ± 0.42 | 1.34 ± 0.47 | 2.39 ± 0.6 | 2.31 ± 0.56 | 2.45 ± 0.14 | 2.67 ± 0.33 |
| Glutamine | 1 ± 0.28 | 1.12 ± 0.56 | 0.7 ± 0.23 | 0.6 ± 0.13 | 0.66 ± 0.15 | 0.64 ± 0.11 |
| Glycine | 1 ± 0.1 | 1.58 ± 0.19 | 0.97 ± 0.45 | 0.99 ± 0.4 | 0.86 ± 0.38 | 0.72 ± 0.05 |
| Histidine | 1 ± 0.17 | 1.69 ± 0.42 | 1 ± 0.39 | 1.08 ± 0.26 | 0.78 ± 0.18 | 0.92 ± 0.15 |
| Homoserine | 1 ± 0.28 | 0.92 ± 0.13 | 1.18 ± 0.52 | 0.97 ± 0.34 | 1.15 ± 0.19 | 1.42 ± 0.24 |
| Isoleucine | 1 ± 0.13 | 1.44 ± 0.37 | 0.64 ± 0.16 | 0.51 ± 0.19 | 0.66 ± 0.27 | 0.53 ± 0.16 |
| Lysine | 1 ± 0.3 | 1.35 ± 0.15 | 0.68 ± 0.26 | 0.47 ± 0.26 | 0.48 ± 0.22 | 0.36 ± 0.38 |
| Methionine | 1 ± 0.18 | 1.11 ± 0.21 | 0.82 ± 0.31 | 1.42 ± 0.35 | 1.36 ± 0.52 | 1.24 ± 0.31 |
| Ornithine | 1 ± 0.39 | 1.11 ± 0.23 | 1.23 ± 0.33 | 0.87 ± 0.18 | 1.14 ± 0.32 | 1 ± 0.16 |
| Phenylalanine | 1 ± 0.16 | 1.61 ± 0.14 | 1.1 ± 0.11 | 1.15 ± 0.2 | 1.03 ± 0.23 | 1.2 ± 0.2 |
| Proline | 1 ± 0.06 | 0.89 ± 0.07 | 0.28 ± 0.16 | 0.31 ± 0.16 | 0.39 ± 0.34 | 0.33 ± 0.23 |
| Serine | 1 ± 0.13 | 1.06 ± 0.28 | 0.81 ± 0.44 | 0.8 ± 0.28 | 0.88 ± 1.04 | 0.92 ± 0.4 |
| Threonine | 1 ± 0.19 | 1.12 ± 0.33 | 1.35 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 0.53 | 1.16 ± 0.4 | 1.09 ± 0.21 |
| Tryptophan | 1 ± 0.37 | 1.33 ± 0.54 | 0.38 ± 0.19 | 0.32 ± 0.25 | 0.42 ± 0.3 | 0.49 ± 0.6 |
| Tyramine | 1 ± 0.16 | 0.95 ± 0.4 | 0.64 ± 0.44 | 0.81 ± 0.38 | 0.58 ± 0.29 | 0.66 ± 0.57 |
| Valine | 1 ± 0.22 | 1.32 ± 0.63 | 0.7 ± 0.09 | 0.63 ± 0.15 | 0.72 ± 0.16 | 0.66 ± 0.18 |
| 5-Aminovalerate | 1 ± 0.55 | 1.33 ± 0.44 | 1.03 ± 0.27 | 0.92 ± 0.25 | 0.9 ± 0.36 | 0.63 ± 0.13 |
| ORGANIC ACIDS | ||||||
| Aconitate | 1 ± 0.13 | 1.12 ± 0.23 | 1.71 ± 0.53 | 1.97 ± 0.12 | 1.6 ± 0.22 | 1.83 ± 0.24 |
| Ascorbate | 1 ± 0.08 | 1.48 ± 1.75 | 1.17 ± 0.06 | 0.82 ± 0.07 | 1.13 ± 0.16 | 0.76 ± 0.06 |
| Benzoate | 1 ± 0.23 | 1.23 ± 0.59 | 1.2 ± 0.28 | 1.12 ± 0.2 | 1.13 ± 0.17 | 1.21 ± 0.28 |
| Citrate | 1 ± 0.27 | 1.08 ± 0.3 | 1.41 ± 0.2 | 2.31 ± 0.07 | 1.38 ± 0.11 | 2.34 ± 0.22 |
| Dehydroascorbate | 1 ± 0.21 | 0.79 ± 0.36 | 0.99 ± 0.87 | 0.76 ± 0.36 | 0.81 ± 0.47 | 0.64 ± 0.08 |
| 2-Oxoglutarate | 1 ± 0.12 | 0.91 ± 0.14 | 1.4 ± 0.51 | 1.79 ± 0.33 | 1.39 ± 0.63 | 1.94 ± 0.44 |
| Guanidine | 1 ± 0.06 | 1.03 ± 0.36 | 1.2 ± 0.36 | 1.1 ± 0.23 | 0.99 ± 0.26 | 0.98 ± 0.12 |
| Isocitrate | 1 ± 0.23 | 1.23 ± 0.31 | 1.47 ± 0.2 | 1.6 ± 0.31 | 1.41 ± 0.21 | 1.22 ± 0.15 |
| Succinate | 1 ± 0.25 | 1.03 ± 0.43 | 0.78 ± 0.19 | 0.65 ± 0.19 | 0.63 ± 0.22 | 0.5 ± 0.19 |
| Pyruvate | 1 ± 0.19 | 1.04 ± 0.29 | 1.06 ± 0.44 | 1.54 ± 0.13 | 0.75 ± 0.39 | 1.52 ± 0.24 |
| SUGAR AND SUGAR-ALCOHOLS | ||||||
| Fructose | 1 ± 0.38 | 0.84 ± 0.19 | 0.75 ± 0.28 | 0.56 ± 0.11 | 0.72 ± 0.16 | 0.72 ± 0.2 |
| Galactose | 1 ± 0.06 | 1.23 ± 0.23 | 0.82 ± 0.34 | 0.83 ± 0.33 | 0.73 ± 0.3 | 0.68 ± 0.09 |
| Glucose | 1 ± 0.5 | 0.81 ± 0.22 | 0.59 ± 0.26 | 0.47 ± 0.19 | 0.61 ± 0.14 | 0.55 ± 0.4 |
| Myoinositol | 1 ± 0.2 | 0.92 ± 0.19 | 1.16 ± 0.17 | 1.27 ± 0.27 | 1.6 ± 0.4 | 1.81 ± 0.2 |
| Sucrose | 1 ± 0.15 | 0.82 ± 0.16 | 0.67 ± 0.31 | 0.56 ± 0.12 | 0.67 ± 0.13 | 0.65 ± 0.28 |
| Trehalose, alpha, alpha | 1 ± 0.1 | 1.02 ± 0.32 | 0.96 ± 0.08 | 0.91 ± 0.33 | 1.05 ± 0.36 | 0.87 ± 0.07 |
| OTHERS | ||||||
| Erythritol | 1 ± 0.18 | 1.05 ± 0.29 | 1.13 ± 0.14 | 1.43 ± 0.18 | 1.8 ± 0.65 | 1.77 ± 0.45 |
| Putrescine | 1 ± 0.27 | 1.19 ± 0.64 | 0.95 ± 0.61 | 1.21 ± 0.35 | 1.08 ± 0.68 | 1.45 ± 0.43 |
| Shikimate | 1 ± 0.13 | 1.03 ± 0.24 | 1 ± 0.08 | 0.9 ± 0.14 | 0.96 ± 0.24 | 0.98 ± 0.25 |
| Spermidine | 1 ± 0.14 | 1.08 ± 0.86 | 0.85 ± 0.36 | 1.38 ± 0.33 | 1.61 ± 0.2 | 2.51 ± 0.5 |
Leaf discs were cut directly from 4-week-old plants, washed three times with 10 mM MES-KOH (pH 6.5), and then incubated during up to 4 h in 10 mM MES-KOH buffer (pH 6.5) containing 2.0 mM glucose and 100 μM of SP or CESP. Metabolites were determined as described in the Section “Materials and Methods.” Data are normalized with respect to the mean response calculated for the control at 2 h. Values presented are the mean ± SE of six biological replicates; values set in bold and underline type were judged to be significantly different from the control (P < 0.05), following the performance of Student’s t-tests.