Table 3.

Currently available validation data on selected candidate biomarkers as defined by “ome”-based technologies in renal cell carcinoma.

Target validation
Swiss- Prot ID	entry name	regulation pattern1)	approach	validation method	reference
P10809	60 kDa heat shock protein	(+/−)	p, px	WB	[21]
P11021	78 kDa glucose-regulated protein	(+/−)	p, px	WB	[21]
Q9BSE5	Agmatinase	(−)	p	IHC, RT- PCR, WB	[57]
P02511	Alpha-crystallin B chain	(+)	p	RT-PCR, WB	[18]
P06733	Alpha-enolase	(+)	p, px	IHC	this report
P04083	Annexin A1	(+)	p	IHC	[36]
P07355	Annexin A2	(+)	p, px	IHC	[36]
P12429	Annexin A3	(+)	px	IHC	this report
P09525	Annexin A4	(+)	p, px, t	IHC, RT- PCR, WB	[18, 36, 48]
P23528	Cofilin-1	(+)	p	IHC	[36]
P31930	Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1	(−)	p	WB	[24]
P22695	Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 2	(−)	p	WB	[24]
P14625	Endoplasmin	(+)	p, px	WB	[21]
P30084	Enoyl-CoA hydratase	(−)	p, px	RT-PCR	[37]
P15311	Ezrin	(+/−)	p	WB	[24]
O15540	Fatty acid-binding protein, brain	(+)	p	RT-PCR	[23]
P07148	Fatty acid-binding protein, liver	(−)	p	RT-PCR, IHC	[23]
Q16658	Fascin	(+)	p	WB	[36]
P04075	Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase A	(+)	p	WB	[36]
P05062	Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase B	(−)	p	WB	[24] [36]
P09211	Glutathione S-transferase P	(−)	p, px	WB, IHC	[22]
P04406	Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	(+)	p, t	WB	[36]
P08108	Heat shock cognate 70 kDa protein	(+/−)	p, px	WB	[21]
P04792	Heat shock Protein 27	(+/−)	p, px	WB, qRT- PCR, IHC	[20, 21, 25]
P08238	Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	(−)	p, px	WB	[21]
P05787	Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 8	(−)	p, px	WB, IHC	[19]
P26038	Moesin	(+/−)	p, px	WB	[24]
Q96RQ3	Methylcrotonoyl-CoA carboxylase subunit alpha	(+)	p	WB	[24]
Q9P0J0	NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 13	(−)	p	WB, IHC	[58]
O75489	NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 3	(−)	p	WB	[24]
P05165	Propionyl-CoA carboxylase alpha chain	(+)	p	WB	[24]
P11498	Pyruvate carboxylase	(−)	p	WB	[24]
P11177	Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta	(−)	p	WB	[24]
P14618	Pyruvate kinase isozymes M1/M2	(+)	p	WB	[24, 36]
P35241	Radixin	(+)	p	WB	[24]
Q15019	Septin-2	(+)	p	WB, IHC	[24]
P38646	Stress-70 protein	(−)	p, px	WB	[21]
P04179	Superoxide dismutase [Mn]	(+)	p, px	qRT-PCR , WB, IHC	[18, 22, 25]
P10599	Thioredoxin	(+)	p, px	WB,	[22]
P19971	Thymidine phosphorylase	(+)	p	IHC	[36]
P60174	Triosephosphate isomerase	(+)	p, px	WB, IHC	[22]
P06753	Tropomyosin alpha-3 chain	(+)	p, px	WB	[19]
Q71U36	Tubulin alpha-3 chain	(+/−)	p, px	WB	[19]
P09936	Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1	(−)	p, px, t	WB, IHC, RT-PCR	[22, 30]
P08670	Vimentin	(+)	p, px	IHC, WB	[19, 20]

¹⁾ according to currently available RCC literature, (+) upregulated in RCC, (−) downregulated in RCC, p: proteomics, px: PROTEOMEX, t: transcriptomics, RT-/qRT-PCR: semi-quantitative/real time polymerase chain reaction, WB Western blot analysis, IHC: immunohistochemistry. Potential candidates for forthcoming biomarkers are highlighted in bold.