Table 1.

Demographic and clinical characteristics of study participants stratified by race/ethnicity (N=1452)

	White		African- American		Other*		Total
	N=825	%	N=552	%	N=75	%	N=1452	%
Sex
Male	725	88	384	70	63	84	1172	81
Female	100	12	168	30	12	16	280	19
Age in years
< 40	249	30	197	36	31	41	477	33
40–49	355	43	211	38	30	40	596	41
≥50	221	27	144	26	14	19	379	26
CD4+ nadir (cells/mm3)†
< 200	478	58	335	61	49	65	862	59
200–350	214	26	135	24	17	23	366	25
>350	133	16	82	15	9	12	224	15
Depression severity as defined by the PHQ-9
None (0–4)	439	53	388	70	40	53	867	60
Mild (5–9)	158	19	85	15	17	23	260	18
Moderate (10–19)	178	22	64	12	14	19	256	18
Severe (≥20)	50	6	15	3	4	5	69	5
Recent substance use (prior 3 months)
No	704	85	492	89	56	75	1252	86
Yes	121	15	60	11	19	25	200	14
HIV transmission risk factor‡
MSM	510	62	195	35	37	49	742	51
IVDU	154	19	52	9	14	19	220	15
Heterosexual contact	120	15	248	45	18	24	386	27
Other/Unknown	41	5	57	10	6	8	104	7

^*American Indian (n=15), Asian-American (n=14), Hawaiian (n=7), Multiracial (n=7), Other or unknown (n=32).

^†Due to the skewed distribution, we used categories of <200, 200–299, and ≥300 for DIF analyses.

^‡We analyzed this covariate as MSM vs. other to identify items with DIF, though we plot values of cumulative DIF impact for each of these groups separately in Figure 5.

PHQ-9 = Patient Health Questionnaire. MSM = men who have sex with men. IVDU = intravenous drug use. Percentages may add up to more than 100% due to rounding.