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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Aug 2.
Published in final edited form as: Acta Paediatr. 2011 Jun 10;100(11):1481–1488. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2011.02354.x

Table 3.

Linear regression analyses for risk and protective factor categories of variables regarding behavioral problems in FASD. All analyses controlled for age, sex and IQ

Total problems
Analysis by category rp β R2
Diagnostic factors
 IOM diagnosis 0.066 −0.224 0.126
 Dysmorphology score −0.175 −0.406
 Age for FASD diagnosis −0.100 −0.159
Living environments
 Lived with biological parents (time length in months) 0.033 0.257 0.225
 Lived with foster or adoptive parents (time length in months) −0.162 0.376
 Lived in residential care (time length in months) 0.344* 0.490 *
 Number of living environments during the first 17 years 0.127 0.065
Remedial help in school
 Special education (time in years) 0.154 0.385 0.150
 Classroom aide (time in years) 0.171 0.003
Internalizing problems
rp β R2
Diagnostic factors
 IOM diagnosis 0.257* 0.001 0.169
 Dysmorphology score −0.315* −0.296
 Age for FASD diagnosis −0.078 −0.103
Living environments
 Lived with biological parents (time length in months) 0.047 0.111 0.228
 Lived with foster or adoptive parents (time length in months) −0.024 0.233
 Lived in residential care (time length in months) 0.388* 0.428 *
 Number of living environments during the first 17 years 0.216 0.082
Remedial help in school
 Special education (time in years) 0.106 0.064 0.151
 Classroom aide (time in years) 0.181 0.060
Externalizing problems
rp β R2
Diagnostic factors
 IOM diagnosis −0.025 −0.372 0.138
 Dysmorphology score −0.131 −0.488 *
 Age for FASD diagnosis −0.162 −0.208
Living environments
 Lived with biological parents (time length in months) 0.041 0.185 0.182
 Lived with foster or adoptive parents (time length in months) −0.181 0.261
 Lived in residential care (time length in months) 0.349* 0.456 *
 Number of living environments during the first 17 years 0.116 0.031
Remedial help in school
 Special education (time in years) 0.124 0.322 0.101
 Classroom aide (time in years) 0.052 −0.102

All analyses controlled for age, sex and IQ entered together as Block 1 (not reported for brevity) and risk/protective variables as Block 2 in each analysis. FASD = foetal alcohol spectrum disorders; rp = Pearson’s correlation coefficient; β = standardized regression coefficient; IOM = Institute of Medicine. Bold value indicates

*

p < 0.05

**

p < 0.01.