Table 1.
Study 2 demographic characteristics at baseline and follow-up
| Variable | Continuous nondrinkers (n = 20) M (SD) or % | Heavy drinking transitioners (n = 20) M (SD) or % |
| Baseline | ||
| Age, years | 14.77 (1.14) | 15.07 (1.26) |
| Male gender | 70% | 70% |
| Race, White | 55% | 65% |
| Family history of alcoholism density, range: 0–2 | 0.19 (0.31) | 0.40 (0.63) |
| Conduct disorder positive | 0% | 0% |
| Hollingshead Index of Social Position score | 27.40 (16.30) | 19.10 (12.08) |
| Parental salary, U.S. $* | $109K ($63K) | $171K ($103K) |
| Education, years | 8.10 (1.29) | 8.75 (1.37) |
| Females’ Pubertal Development Scale total | 15.83 (2.48) | 18.00 (2.10) |
| Males’ Pubertal Development Scale total | 13.79 (2.75) | 14.15 (3.16) |
| Beck Depression Inventory total | 2.20 (2.61) | 1.89 (2.62) |
| Spielberger State Anxiety total | 26.15 (6.04) | 26.94 (5.91) |
| CBCL/YSR Internalizing T score | 46.47 (9.28) | 44.25 (10.36) |
| CBCL/YSR Externalizing T score | 39.76 (6.51) | 42.81 (8.38) |
| Sleepiness rating before scan | 4.60 (1.47) | 4.68 (1.83) |
| Sleepiness rating after scan | 5.70 (1.78) | 5.89 (2.13) |
| Grade point average | 3.35 (0.74) | 3.53 (0.45) |
| Follow-up | ||
| Age, years | 17.71 (1.44) | 18.46 (1.90) |
| Years between scans | 2.94 (0.98) | 3.43 (1.07) |
| Conduct disorder positive* | 0% | 15% |
| Females’ Pubertal Development Scale total | 19.43 (0.98) | 20.00 (0.00) |
| Males’ Pubertal Development Scale total | 17.33 (2.35) | 17.29 (3.15) |
| Education, years | 11.00 (1.41) | 11.89 (2.11) |
| Beck Depression Inventory total | 1.35 (1.84) | 2.60 (3.33) |
| Spielberger State Anxiety total | 25.00 (5.01) | 22.68 (2.98) |
| CBCL/YSR Internalizing T score | 40.37 (7.43) | 41.58 (9.47) |
| CBCL/YSR Externalizing T score | 41.74 (8.81) | 46.32 (10.15) |
| Sleepiness rating before scan | 3.90 (1.21) | 4.25 (1.65) |
| Sleepiness rating after scan | 5.60 (1.76) | 6.15 (1.76) |
| Grade point average | 3.48 (0.39) | 3.35 (0.51) |
Notes: Ethnicity was 30% Latino; race was 60% White, 35% multiracial, 3% African-American, 3% Asian (no significant between-group differences). K = 1,000; CBCL = Child Behavior Checklist; YSR = Youth Self-Report.
*
Continuous nondrinkers ≠ heavy drinkers, p < .05.