Table 3.

Hierarchical regression analyses predicting drinking-and-driving expectancies and drinking-and-driving behaviors from personality, cognition, and control variables

	Drinking-and-driving expectancies			Drinking and driving
Variable	CONV	CONT	AC	FREQ	QUAT
Step 1: Covariatesa
ΔR2	.09***	.06***	.04***	.30***	.35***
Step 2: UPPS traits
Urgency	.25**	.23**	.22**	.17*	.16*
Planning (lack of)	−.11	.03	−.07	.07	.10
Perseverance (lack of)	.32***	.27**	.24**	.09	.12
Sensation seeking	.11	.02	.07	−.02	.03
ΔR2	.04***	.04***	.03***	.02**	.02***
Total R2	.13***	.10***	.07***	.32***	.37***
Step 3: PEDD-Y expectancies
Convenience	.35***	.26***
Control	−.03	−.01
Avoiding consequences	−.04	−.01
ΔR2				.11***	.07***
Total R2				.42***	.44***

Notes: Standardized regression coefficients (βs) are reported in plain text. R² values are presented in italicized text. CONV = convenience; CONT = control; AC = avoiding consequences; FREQ = frequency; QUANT = quantity; UPPS = UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scale; PEDD-Y = Positive Expectancies for Drinking and Driving in Youth.

^aCovariates included gender, drinking frequency, and drinking quantity.

^*p < .05;

^**p < .01;

^***p < .001.