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Learning 135° for initially multistable participants. Top: potential landscape, V solid, V1(λ) dashed; bottom: phase space portrait; middle: bifurcation diagram. With increasing λ, the stable fixed point around 90° (solid line) drifts towards the repellor (dashed) eventually leading to an attractor close to the required phase of ψ = 135° (only the upper half of the bifurcation diagram is shown because the part for negative values of ϕ is symmetric).
