Table 3.
Correlations between predictors and adolescent problem behavior and explained variances of the predictors at the individual and family level
| Internalizing problem behavior | Externalizing problem behavior | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Correlation | R 2 indiv. level | R 2 family level | Correlation | R 2 indiv. level | R 2 family level | |
| Children | ||||||
| Gender | 0.18* | 0.02 | 0.01 | −0.11 | 0.01 | 0.02 |
| Age | 0.17* | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.10 | 0.00 | 0.02 |
| YCOPI caregiving responsibilities | 0.21** | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.13 | 0.12 |
| YCOPI activity restrictions | 0.49*** | 0.24 | 0.27 | 0.33*** | 0.04 | 0.04 |
| YCOPI feeling of isolation | 0.68*** | 0.45 | 0.48 | 0.35*** | 0.13 | 0.18 |
| DCI frequency of household chores | 0.22** | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.00 | 0.01 |
| DCI frequency of caregiving tasks | 0.07 | −0.01 | −0.01 | 0.08 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| DDHQ frequency of daily hassles affecting personal life | 0.68*** | 0.45 | 0.49 | 0.41*** | 0.15 | 0.19 |
| Parents | ||||||
| Ill parent’s gender | 0.02 | −0.01 | −0.01 | 0.06 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Ill parent’s age | 0.04 | 0.00 | −0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 |
| Healthy parent’s age | 0.07 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.03 | −0.01 | 0.03 |
| BDI (ill parent) | 0.16* | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.14 | 0.01 | 0.02 |
| BDI (healthy parent) | 0.18* | 0.03 | 0.07 | 0.10 | 0.01 | 0.04 |
| CSI (healthy parent) | 0.31 | 0.08 | 0.11 | 0.27 | 0.06 | 0.12 |
| Illness | ||||||
| Illness duration | 0.06 | 0.00 | −0.01 | −0.06 | 0.00 | −0.01 |
| SF-36 physical functioning | −0.07 | 0.00 | −0.01 | −0.07 | 0.00 | −0.01 |
| SF-36 social functioning | −0.14 | 0.00 | 0.01 | −0.13 | 0.00 | 0.02 |
| SF-36 role limitations due to physical health | −0.02 | −0.01 | −0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 | −0.01 |
| SF-36 role limitations due to emotional functioning | −0.17* | 0.02 | 0.03 | −0.12 | 0.00 | 0.01 |
| SF-36 bodily pain | −0.21** | 0.03 | 0.04 | −0.14 | 0.01 | 0.02 |
| SF-36 general health perception | 0.09 | 0.00 | −0.01 | 0.06 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Unpredictability of ill parent’s condition | 0.20* | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.11 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Family | ||||||
| SES | −0.12 | 0.01 | 0.02 | −0.12 | 0.00 | 0.01 |
| IPSI | −0.13 | 0.00 | 0.01 | −0.18* | 0.02 | 0.08 |
| IPPA communication with mother | −0.24** | 0.06 | 0.06 | −0.30*** | 0.08 | 0.11 |
| IPPA confidence in mother | −0.41*** | 0.16 | 0.19 | −0.37*** | 0.13 | 0.18 |
| IPPA alienation from mother | 0.55*** | 0.29 | 0.33 | 0.49*** | 0.24 | 0.27 |
| IPPA communication with father | −0.29*** | 0.08 | 0.09 | −0.30*** | 0.08 | 0.11 |
| IPPA confidence in father | −0.31*** | 0.09 | 0.10 | −0.31*** | 0.09 | 0.12 |
| IPPA alienation from father | 0.38*** | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.40*** | 0.16 | 0.18 |
| DDHQ frequency of daily hassles (ill parent) | 0.50*** | 0.24 | 0.24 | 0.36*** | 0.12 | 0.16 |
| DDHQ frequency of daily hassles (healthy parent) | 0.40*** | 0.16 | 0.19 | 0.23** | 0.05 | 0.09 |
Indiv. individual, YCOPI Young Caregiver of Parent Inventory, DCI Dutch caregiving inventory, DDHQ Dutch Daily Hassles Questionnaire, BDI Beck Depression Inventory, CSI Caregiver Strain Index, SF-36 Medical Outcome Study Short Form-36, SES socio-economic status, IPSI Interpersonal Problem Solving Inventory, IPPA Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment
Correlations are tested at a 5 % level of significance, without accounting for the inflation of familywise error rates. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001. Significance tests are two-tailed