Abstract
Hexamine cobalt chloride (HCC) increases the efficiency of blunt end ligation by T4 DNA ligase about 50 fold. Maximum stimulation occurs when standard buffers for ligation are supplemented with 1 mM HCC. All the ligation events are intermolecular regardless of the initial DNA concentration. In the presence of monovalent cations (eg. 25 mM KCl) HCC still increases the extent of T4 catalyzed ligation but intramolecular ligation products are also formed. Therefore, intermolecular ligation can be performed rapidly and at low DNA concentrations.
Full text
PDFImages in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Bayne M. L., Alexander R. F., Benbow R. M. DNA binding protein from ovaries of the frog, Xenopus laevis which promotes concatenation of linear DNA. J Mol Biol. 1984 Jan 5;172(1):87–108. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(84)90416-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Better M., Helinski D. R. Isolation and characterization of the recA gene of Rhizobium meliloti. J Bacteriol. 1983 Jul;155(1):311–316. doi: 10.1128/jb.155.1.311-316.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cohen S. N., Chang A. C., Hsu L. Nonchromosomal antibiotic resistance in bacteria: genetic transformation of Escherichia coli by R-factor DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1972 Aug;69(8):2110–2114. doi: 10.1073/pnas.69.8.2110. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dugaiczyk A., Boyer H. W., Goodman H. M. Ligation of EcoRI endonuclease-generated DNA fragments into linear and circular structures. J Mol Biol. 1975 Jul 25;96(1):171–184. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(75)90189-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ferretti L., Sgaramella V. Temperature dependence of the joining by T4 DNA ligase of termini produced by type II restriction endonucleases. Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 Jan 10;9(1):85–93. doi: 10.1093/nar/9.1.85. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Godson G. N., Boyer H. Susceptibility of the phiX-like phages G4 and G14 to R-EcoRi endonuclease. Virology. 1974 Nov;62(1):270–275. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(74)90321-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gosule L. C., Schellman J. A. DNA condensation with polyamines I. Spectroscopic studies. J Mol Biol. 1978 May 25;121(3):311–326. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(78)90366-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Higgins N. P., Cozzarelli N. R. DNA-joining enzymes: a review. Methods Enzymol. 1979;68:50–71. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(79)68006-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lehman I. R. DNA ligase: structure, mechanism, and function. Science. 1974 Nov 29;186(4166):790–797. doi: 10.1126/science.186.4166.790. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mandelkern M., Dattagupta N., Crothers D. M. Conversion of B DNA between solution and fiber conformations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Jul;78(7):4294–4298. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.7.4294. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Manning G. S. The molecular theory of polyelectrolyte solutions with applications to the electrostatic properties of polynucleotides. Q Rev Biophys. 1978 May;11(2):179–246. doi: 10.1017/s0033583500002031. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Modrich P., Lehman I. R. Enzymatic joining of polynucleotides. IX. A simple and rapid assay of polynucleotide joining (ligase) activity by measurement of circle formation from linear deoxyadenylate-deoxythymidylate copolymer. J Biol Chem. 1970 Jul 25;245(14):3626–3631. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pheiffer B. H., Zimmerman S. B. Polymer-stimulated ligation: enhanced blunt- or cohesive-end ligation of DNA or deoxyribooligonucleotides by T4 DNA ligase in polymer solutions. Nucleic Acids Res. 1983 Nov 25;11(22):7853–7871. doi: 10.1093/nar/11.22.7853. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rusche J. R., Konigsberg W., Howard-Flanders P. Isolation of altered recA polypeptides and interaction with ATP and DNA. J Biol Chem. 1985 Jan 25;260(2):949–955. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sgaramella V., Ehrlich S. D. Use of the T4 polynucleotide ligase in the joining of flush-ended DNA segments generated by restriction endonucleases. Eur J Biochem. 1978 May 16;86(2):531–537. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1978.tb12336.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sgaramella V., Khorana H. G. CXII. Total synthesis of the structural gene for an alanine transfer RNA from yeast. Enzymic joining of the chemically synthesized polydeoxynucleotides to form the DNA duplex representing nucleotide sequence 1 to 20. J Mol Biol. 1972 Dec 28;72(2):427–444. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(72)90155-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Weiss B., Jacquemin-Sablon A., Live T. R., Fareed G. C., Richardson C. C. Enzymatic breakage and joining of deoxyribonucleic acid. VI. Further purification and properties of polynucleotide ligase from Escherichia coli infected with bacteriophage T4. J Biol Chem. 1968 Sep 10;243(17):4543–4555. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Widom J., Baldwin R. L. Cation-induced toroidal condensation of DNA studies with Co3+(NH3)6. J Mol Biol. 1980 Dec 25;144(4):431–453. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(80)90330-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wilson R. W., Bloomfield V. A. Counterion-induced condesation of deoxyribonucleic acid. a light-scattering study. Biochemistry. 1979 May 29;18(11):2192–2196. doi: 10.1021/bi00578a009. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zimmerman S. B., Pheiffer B. H. Macromolecular crowding allows blunt-end ligation by DNA ligases from rat liver or Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Oct;80(19):5852–5856. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.19.5852. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]