Figure 3. Cardiovascular response to dobutamine challenge in sham operated and uni-x female sheep at 1 year, 2 and 5 years of age following fetal unilateral nephrectomy at 100 d gestation.

Cardiac functional reserve (CO _max−0) is presented as maximal change in cardiac output (CO) compared to baseline (0). Values are from two-way repeated ANOVA and expressed as mean ± SEM. Sham (n = 5); clear bars, uni-x (n = 5); dark bars. **P<0.01 as compared to sham group at 2 years of age from post-hoc analysis. ##P<0.01 as compared to uni-x group values at 1 and 2 years of age from post-hoc analysis.