Fig. 6.
Schematic functional hierarchy of metabolic biomarkers of T-cell dysfunction in patients with SLE, depicting the proposed site of impact by NAC. MHP is caused by exposure to nitric oxide (NO). De novo synthesis of NO and maintenance of GSH in reduced form are both dependent on the production of NADPH by the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). MHP causes mTOR activation which in turn controls the expression of the transcription factor FoxP3.