IL-7Rα blockade prevents and reverses diabetes in NOD mice. (A) Female NOD mice were treated with anti–IL-7Rα monoclonal antibodies (n = 8) or PBS (n = 11) for 14 wk, starting at 10 wk of age, and diabetes incidence was followed. (B) Infiltration of pancreatic islets in 24-wk-old nondiabetic mice from A quantified as percentages of islets showing the indicated histological scores (see Materials and Methods) (PBS, n = 3; anti–IL-7Rα, n = 6). (C) Representative pictures of islets in 24-wk-old, nondiabetic mice from A at 20× magnification. (D) New-onset diabetic NOD mice [blood glucose between 250–400 mg/dL (dotted line)] were treated with anti–IL-7Rα antibodies (n = 10) or rat IgG (n = 9) for 4 wk (shaded area). Blood-glucose levels were followed for up to 5 mo. (E) Histological scores of new-onset NOD mice that became normoglycemic after anti–IL-7Rα treatment compared with untreated new-onset mice. (F) Representative pictures of islets in new-onset mice or mice cured after anti–IL-7Rα treatment at 20× magnification.