Table 6.

Average odds ratios of HIV infection from multilevel logistic regression models (95% confidence intervals are given in square brackets)

Parameter	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
Fixed effects
Sex of respondent (male)
female	1.56 [1.44, 1.70]*	1.57 [1.44, 1.71]*	1.68 [1.53, 1.85]*
Age group (40 + )
15–19	0.15 [0.14, 0.17]*	0.16 [0.14, 0.17]*	0.35 [0.31, 0.39]*
20–29	0.74 [0.70, 0.79]*	0.75 [0.70, 0.79]*	0.94 [0.88, 1.00]
30–39	1.41 [1.33, 1.49]*	1.41 [1.33, 1.49]*	1.49 [1.40, 1.58]*
Residence (urban)
rural	0.61 [0.57, 0.64]*	0.61 [0.57, 0.64]*	0.63 [0.59, 0.67]*
Education level (none)
primary	1.26 [1.18, 1.36]*	1.24 [1.16, 1.34]*	1.21 [1.13, 1.31]*
secondary	1.12 [1.04, 1.22]*	1.10 [1.01, 1.19]*	1.12 [1.03, 1.21]*
Sex of household head (male)
female	1.45 [1.38, 1.52]*	1.44 [1.37, 1.51]*	1.17 [1.11, 1.23]*
Wealth quintile (lowest)
second	1.16 [1.08, 1.26]*	1.16 [1.07, 1.25]*	1.18 [1.09, 1.28]*
third	1.27 [1.17, 1.37]*	1.26 [1.17, 1.36]*	1.31 [1.21, 1.41]*
fourth	1.46 [1.35, 1.58]*	1.44 [1.33, 1.56]*	1.51 [1.39, 1.63]*
highest	1.26 [1.15, 1.38]*	1.24 [1.13, 1.36]*	1.35 [1.23, 1.48]*
Religion (Catholic/Orthodox)
Protestant	0.93 [0.87, 0.99]*	0.93 [0.88, 1.00]*	0.95 [0.89, 1.01]
Muslim	0.80 [0.72, 0.89]*	0.81 [0.73, 0.90]*	0.83 [0.75, 0.92]*
HIV/AIDS awareness (low)
average		1.08 [1.02, 1.14]*	1.06 [1.00, 1.12]
high		1.14 [1.08, 1.21]*	1.08 [1.02, 1.15]*
Marital status (married monogamous)
married polygamous			1.02 [0.94, 1.10]
previously married			2.51 [2.34, 2.69]*
Age at first marriage (20 + )
<16 yrs			0.99 [0.89, 1.11]
16–17			0.84 [0.77, 0.92]*
18–19			0.89 [0.83, 0.96]*
Never married			0.98 [0.88, 1.08]
Age at first sex (20 + )
Never had sex			0.40 [0.35, 0.46]*
<16 yrs			1.08 [1.00, 1.18]
16–17			1.19 [1.10, 1.28]*
18–19			1.12 [1.04, 1.20]*
Premarital sex			1.38 [1.29, 1.48]*
Risky sexual behaviour1			1.12 [1.04, 1.20]*
Multiple sex partners			1.33 [1.24, 1.44]*
Random variances
Region constant	0.15 [0.11, 0.19]*	0.15 [0.11, 0.19]*	0.14 [0.10, 0.18]*
Country constant	1.41 [0.51, 2.32]*	1.43 [0.51, 2.34]*	1.44 [0.52, 2.36]*
Country sex	0.02 [0.00, 0.04]*	0.02 [0.00, 0.04]	0.02 [0.00, 0.04]

^*Statistical significance at 5% level P < 0.05.

¹No condom use at last sex, with non-spousal partner

Model 1 controlling for background socioeconomic and demographic factors.

Model 2 controlling for background factors plus HIV/AIDS awareness.

Model 3 controlling for background factors, HIV/AIDS awareness, and sexual behaviour.