Table 4.
Prospective association of 25(OH)D3, 25(OH)D2, phosphate, albumin-adjusted calcium and parathyroid hormone concentrations (assessed at mean age 9.2 years) with decrease in depressive symptoms [N = 1,815; five categories: increase by two categories (reference); increase by one category; no change, decrease by one category: decrease by two categories]
| OR for category decrease per doubling of exposure (95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Exposure | Model 1a | Model 2b | Model 3c |
| 25(OH)D3 | 1.09 (1.02, 1.16) | 1.08 (1.01, 1.16) | 1.08 (1.01, 1.16) |
| 25(OH)D2 | 0.97 (0.88, 1.07) | 0.96 (0.86, 1.06) | 0.95 (0.90, 1.01) |
| Albumin-adjusted calcium | 1.03 (0.97, 1.09) | 1.01 (0.96, 1.08) | 1.01 (0.96, 1.08) |
| Phosphate | 0.99 (0.94, 1.05) | 0.99 (0.94, 1.05) | 0.99 (0.93, 1.05) |
| Parathyroid hormone | 0.97 (0.92, 1.03) | 0.98 (0.93, 1.04) | 0.99 (0.93, 1.05) |
OR, odds ratio.
Model 1 is unadjusted (the exposures are standardised for age and gender and 25OHD3 is adjusted for season and ethnicity).
Model 2 is adjusted for ethnicity, head of household social class, mothers and partners education, time spent outdoors during summer (age 8.5 years), UVB protection score, WISC IQ score at 8.5 years, BMI, maternal history of psychiatric problems and puberty stage.
Model 3 is adjusted for Model 2 plus serum concentrations of other hormones/metabolites which are related vitamin D homeostasis (e.g. association of 25(OH)D3 is adjusted for 25(OH)D2, phosphate, albumin-adjusted calcium and parathyroid hormone.