Endogenous Mpl activated by PL2 induces AML in cooperation with R1E in mice. (A) Experimental design. Top: schematic representation of retroviral constructs used in the transplantation assay. Bottom: the transduction-transplantation assay. BM cells (circles) harvested from wild-type mice are cotransduced with either MIG or MIG-R1E and MID or MID-PL2 retroviruses, and transplanted into 4- to 8-week-old irradiated recipient mice. (B) Kaplan-Meier plot showing survival curve of mice transplanted with MIG-R1E/MID-PL2 (dotted line; n = 11), MIG-R1E/MID (short dashed line; n = 12), MIG/MID-PL2 (gray line; n = 8), and MIG (solid line, n = 8) transduced BM cells; secondary transplantations of MIG-R1E/MID-PL2 leukemic cells (long dashed line; n = 12); experimental end point: 24 weeks. (C) Flow cytometric analysis of hCD4 (cells expressing PL2) and Mpl receptor expression in GFP-gated peripheral blood leukemic cells from MIG-R1E/MID-PL2 (top) and MIG-R1E/MID (bottom) mice compared with untransduced cells (gray shaded). (D) Flow cytometric analysis of the expression of lineage and c-kit markers in (GFP(+)hCD4(+)–gated cells from MIG-R1E/MID-PL2 mice.