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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2012 Jun 21;32(8):1856–1864. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.112.252619

Figure 6. Schematic representation of potential effects of VELCADE on TLR signaling pathway.

Figure 6

Stroke induces the activation of vascular TLR signal, which leads to upregulation of proinflammatory genes via the activation of NF-κB. VELCADE inactivates NF-kB through either directly blocking stroke-activated TLR2 and TLR4 or indirectly repressing IRAK1 by VELCADE upregulated miR-146a, which consequently downregulates proinflammatory gene expression. Thus, VELCADE acts on a multi-level inhibition of TLR signaling in ischemic cerebral vessels.