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. 2012 May 30;12:54. doi: 10.1186/1471-244X-12-54

Table 4.

Results from regression analyses investigating the associations between effectiveness and subjective distress (CES) of patients experienced individual and combined interventions with other clinical and demographical variables (codes: combined interventions (1); individual interventions (0); only models with at least one significant predictor beyond baseline scores, are reported here)

Dependent variables Change score Effectiveness
 Subjective distress : Mean scores Coercion Experience Scale (CES)
SDAS Uncooperative-ness Lack of insight into the illness Total score Factor
Humiliation 		Factor
Physical adverse effects 		Factor
Separation 		Factor
Negative environment 		Factor
Fear 		Factor
Coercion
Independent variables1
 df(4;94)
 df(3;95)
 df(3;95)
 df(4;69)
 df(3;70)
 df(3;71)
 df(2;74)
 df(4;70)
 df(3;71)
 df(2;75)
R² = 0.4***
 R² = 0.4***
 R² = 0.3***
 R² = 0.26***
 R² = 0.13*
 R² = 0.3***
 R² = 0.18**
 R² = 0.3***
 R² = 0.16**
 R² = 0.09*
 
 Unstandardized coefficients
 Unstandardized coefficients
 Unstandardized coefficients
 Unstandardized coefficients
 Unstandardized coefficients
 Unstandardized coefficients
 Unstandardized coefficients
 Unstandardized coefficients
 Unstandardized coefficients
 Unstandardized coefficients
Combination
 −2.9
 −0.4
 −0.02
 0.3
 0.4
 0.4*
 0.9***
 0.07
 0.07
 .3
Female gender
 n.s.
 n.s.
 n.s.
 0.6**
 0.6*
 0.8***
 0.7*
 0.8***
 0.6**
 n.s.
Age
 n.s.
 n.s.
 n.s.
 −0.02**
 −0.02*
 −0.03***
 n.s.
 −0.02**
 n.s.
 n.s.
Voluntary status at admission
 n.s.
 n.s.
 n.s.
 n.s
 n.s.
 n.s.
 n.s.
 −0.5*
 n.s.
 n.s.
Coercive experience during previous admissions
 3.3*
 n.s.
 n.s.
 n.s.
 n.s.
 n.s.
 n.s.
 n.s.
 n.s.
 n.s.
Psychotic disorder
 4*
 0.97**
 0.7*
 n.s.
 n.s.
 n.s.
 n.s.
 n.s.
 n.s.
 n.s.
Pressure applied from the staff at the start of the measure
 n.s.
 n.s.
 n.s.
 0.06*
 n.s.
 n.s.
 n.s.
 n.s.
 0.09*
 0.1*
Baseline score of SDAS, uncooperativeness and lack of insight, respectively −0.7*** −0.7*** −0.6*** N/A² N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

* significant at the 0.05 level; ** significant at the 0.01 level; *** significant at the 0.001 level

¹ Independent variables excluded from all stepwise regression analyses: married status, ethnical minority & coercive experience during previous admissions; ² N/A not applicable.