Table 1.

Baseline characteristics of the study population, by study and migration status

			MHAS			SALSA
		Overall	Mexican	Mexican- Return Migrant	P valuea	Mexican- Immigrant to the US	Mexican- US-born	p-valueb
	N	N=7042	n=4687	n=562		n=908	n=871
Participant’s characteristics
Gender (%men)	2966	42.1	37.8	79.9	<0.0001	39.7	43.4	0.11
Age in years	7042	70.6±7.7	70.5±8.0	71.3±7.7	0.04	71.2±7.7	70.1±6.4	<0.01
Education in years	7021	4.4±4.6	3.5±3.9	3.5±4.0	0.73	5.0±4.7	9.6±4.9	<0.0001
Smoking (%)					<0.0001			0.03
Never	3744	53.3	58.7	31.4		48.9	43.2
Former	2289	32.6	27.5	43.7		39.6	45.5
Current	990	14.1	13.8	25.0		11.5	11.4
Alcohol (%ever)	3981	56.8	55.9	75.7	<0.0001	48.8	57.8	<0.01
Cognitive z-score	6257	0.0±1.0	0.01±1.00	−0.04±0.98	0.32	−0.14±0.99	0.15±0.99	<0.0001
Diabetes (%yes)	1393	20.2	17.6	15.2	0.17	24.6	32.7	<0.01
Stroke (%yes)	351	5.1	3.4	4.9	0.09	7.2	11.8	<0.01
Heart attack (%yes)	374	5.4	4.2	4.9	0.44	7.5	9.9	0.08
Hypertension (%yes)	3007	43.8	43.3	39.1	0.06	44.2	49.0	0.04
Medical insurance (%yes)	4815	68.6	61.8	55.2	<0.01	84.2	97.5	<0.0001
Occupation (%Manual)	5479	78.3	77.9	79.7	0.36	88.3	68.9	<0.0001
Household income (%)					0.02			<0.0001
Low	3418	48.9	50.8	46.3		59.3	29.9
Medium	1723	24.7	19.3	18.0		35.6	46.8
High	1843	26.4	29.9	35.8		5.1	23.3
Parents’ characteristics
Father’s education					0.60			0.52
None	3159	53.3	55.5	57.4		49.4	50.4
Some elementary	1604	27.1	30.0	27.0		27.6	25.2
Completed elementary	504	8.5	8.4	9.3		8.8	8.2
More than elementary	662	11.2	6.1	6.3		14.3	16.2
Mother’s education					0.07			<0.0001
None	3625	60.2	63.1	63.2		55.9	49.0
Some elementary	1504	25.0	26.1	24.7		26.0	25.6
Completed elementary	496	8.2	8.1	7.2		10.1	9.9
More than elementary	399	6.6	2.7	4.9		8.0	15.5

^ap-value comparing within MHAS;

^bP-value comparing within salsa;

Data are presented as mean ± SD