Fig. 1.

High glucose increases inflammatory factor production in TR-iBRB cells. TR-iBRB cells at 80% confluence were quiescent in serum-free DMEM for 6 h followed by treatment with high glucose (25 mmol/l, HG), normal glucose (5 mmol/l, Ctrl) or mannitol (25 mmol/l) for 8 or 16 h. Levels of ICAM-1 (a), TNF-α (b) and VEGF (c) were determined by western blot analysis and quantified by densitometry (mean±SD, n=3) **p<0.01 vs control. (d) Representative blots from three independent experiments showing no difference in production of inflammatory factors between TR-iBRB cells treated with 25 mmol/l mannitol and control for 8 h or 16 h