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. 2012 Jul 25;18:2053–2066.

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Copyright © 2012 Molecular Vision.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Cell necrosis is predominant phenotype in HLECs due to the bystander effects of combined treatment with the lenti-LEP503-HSV-tk/GCV system and ATRA. A: The analysis of necrotic or apoptotic phenotype of HLECs exposed to lenti-LEP503-HSV-tk/GCV system combined with vehicle control with flow cytometry assay. B: The analysis of necrotic or apoptotic phenotype of HLECs exposed to lenti-LEP503-HSV-tk/GCV system combined with ATRA with flow cytometry assay. C: Apoptosis in HLECs exposed to lenti-LEP503-HSV-tk/GCV system combined with ATRA with DNA ladder assay. G + A, Lenti-LEP503-HSV-tk/GCV + ATRT treatment; GCV, Lenti-LEP503-HSV-tk/GCV + vehicle treatment.