Table 3.
Baseline intervention - Trial 2 (Individual)*
Benefit-finding | Psychoeducation | Simplified psychoeducation | |
---|---|---|---|
Session 1 (week 1) |
1. Introduce basic knowledge of dementia |
1. Introduce basic knowledge of dementia |
1. Introduce basic knowledge of dementia |
|
2. Introduce BPSD and possible causes |
2. Introduce BPSD and possible causes |
2. Introduce BPSD and possible causes |
|
3. Introduce ways to cope with and manage BPSD |
3. Introduce ways to cope with and manage BPSD |
3. Introduce ways to cope with and manage BPSD |
|
4. Use ‘emotional thermometer’ to help them understand their emotional reactions in different situations |
4. Introduce home-based activities for CR (for example, cognitive stimulation, multisensory stimulation, reminiscence) |
4. Introduce home-based activities for CR (for example, cognitive stimulation, multisensory stimulation, reminiscence) |
|
5. Introduce effects of cognition on emotion and behavior |
5. Use case study to illustrate behavioral management |
|
|
6. Introduce the diary task of benefit finding |
|
|
Session 2 (week 3) |
1. Repeat Session 1 on behavioral management and positive reappraisal with different BPSD; additional examples and case study are presented |
1. Introduce caring skills for ADL I - bathing, dressing, and incontinence, and so on |
1. Introduce caring skills for ADL I - bathing, dressing, and incontinence, and so on |
|
2. Introduce home-based activities for CR (for example, cognitive stimulation, multisensory stimulation, reminiscence) |
2. Transfer and support techniques with practice |
2. Demonstrate transfer and support techniques without practice |
|
3. Use case study to illustrate behavioral management and emotion-focused coping, with particular emphasis on positive reappraisals |
3. Introduce caring skills for ADL II - taking medications, use of telephone, housework, and so on |
3. Introduce caring skills for ADL II - taking medications, use of telephone, housework, and so on |
|
4. Introduce and practice positive reappraisal; mutual sharing of benefits |
4. Additional examples and case study are presented |
|
|
5. Reflect on motivations to provide care |
|
|
|
6. Discuss communication skills with CR, with illustrations |
|
|
|
7. Sharing by child caregiver on caregiving experience and benefits to self |
|
|
|
8. Home environment |
|
|
Session 3 (week 5) |
1. Introduce caring skills for ADL I - bathing, dressing, and incontinence, and so on |
1. Discuss communication skills with CR, with illustration |
1. Discuss communication skills with CR, with illustration |
|
2. Transfer and support techniques with practice |
2. Home environment |
2. Home environment |
|
3. Practice positive reappraisal; mutual sharing of benefits |
3. Introduce timetabling and activity planning |
3. Introduce timetabling and activity planning |
|
4. Sharing by child-in-law caregiver on caregiving experience and benefits to self |
|
|
|
5. Introduce caring skills for ADL II - taking medications, use of telephone, housework, and so on |
|
|
|
6. Introduce timetabling and activity planning |
|
|
|
7. Community resources |
|
|
Session 4 (week 7) |
1. Introduce concepts and skills in stress management |
1. Introduce concepts and skills in stress management |
1. Introduce concepts and skills in stress management |
|
2. Acceptance of caregiving role |
2. Balance between self-care and caregiving responsibilities |
2. Balance between self-care and caregiving responsibilities |
|
3. Balance between self-care and caregiving responsibilities |
3. Introduce importance of mutual support |
3. Introduce importance of mutual support |
|
4. Introduce importance of mutual support |
4. Relaxation exercise |
4. Introduce relaxation without practice |
|
5. Overview of things learned |
5. Community resources |
5. Community resources |
|
6. Relaxation exercise |
|
|
|
7. Sharing by spouse caregiver on caregiving experience and benefits to self |
|
|
8. Set goals for improvement in coming year, with particular reference to areas where perceived benefits are still lacking |
*The full training manuals include detailed instructions, PowerPoint presentations, and videos.