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. 2012 Jul 27;7(1):420. doi: 10.1186/1556-276X-7-420

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Copyright ©2012 Lee et al.; licensee Springer.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Proposed scheme for understanding the role of ultrasonic energy in the formation of gold nanoparticles. (a) Reduction of gold ions with sonication energy;, (b) growth of gold nanoparticles, (c) prevention or minimisation of wire-shaped gold cluster formation by breaking chain-like nanowires by ultrasonic waves, (d) monodispersed gold nanoparticles by ultrasonic waves with Oswald ripening or intra-particle ripening and (e) particle-particle fusion induced by excess of ultrasonic energy.