Table 2. Association between adequacy of disclosure and characteristics of articles and authors.

Characteristic	Articles with Adequate Disclosure (N = 62)	Articles with Inadequate Disclosure (N = 342)	% with Adequate Disclosure	Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)a	P value
Author specialty (# of authors)
Psychiatry (13)	52	150	26%	[Ref]	[Ref]
Nephrology (9)	4	49	8%	0.65 (0.006–72.5)	0.86
Surgery/Urology (7)	4	107	4%	0.07 (0.001–5.86)	0.24
Neurology (5)	1	13	7%	2.72 (0–20.550)	0.83
Other (5)	1	23	4%	0.005 (0–1.693)	0.42
Author's placement
Only	10	52	16%	0.50 (0.07–3.69)	0.50
First	18	69	21%	1.9 (0.26–14.02)	0.53
Middle	19	141	12%	0.87 (0.11–6.75)	0.90
Last	15	80	16%	[Ref]	[Ref]
Type of article
Studies/trials	32	226	12%	[Ref]	[Ref]
Reviews	20	77	21%	0.38 (0.05–2.82)	0.35
Commentaries	10	39	20%	0.10 (0.02–0.67)	0.02
Mentions off-label use
No	37	190	16%	[Ref]	[Ref]
Yes	25	152	14%	0.53 (0.15–1.83)	0.53
Journal Impact Factor (quartiles) b
Lowest (<2.04)	9	90	9%	[Ref]	[Ref]
Second (2.04–3.61)	16	86	16%	1.61 (0.62–4.22)	0.33
Third (3.61–4.81)	21	75	22%	1.81 (0.71–4.63)	0.21
Highest (>4.81)	16	82	16%	1.55 (0.59–4.02)	0.37
Article citation index per year since publication (quartiles)
Lowest (<1.0)	16	86	16%	[Ref]	[Ref]
Second (1–2.5)	17	87	16%	2.34 (0.60–9.08)	0.22
Third (2.5–5.5)	18	81	18%	1.92 (0.54–6.91)	0.32
Highest (>5.5)	11	88	11%	1.66 (0.35–7.93)	0.52

CI = confidence interval; Ref = reference group.

^aOdds ratio adjusted for correlation of articles from the same author and same journal.

^bData missing for nine articles.