Table A1. Clonal distribution, type of carbapenemase, and drug resistance patterns of MDR Pseudomonas isolates, Spain, January 2007–December 2010 *.
| Isolate | No. isolates/y |
|
Carbapenemase type (no. isolates) | ST | No. (%) resistant isolates |
||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | PIP/TZ | CAZ | FEP | IMP | MER | ATM | GEN | TOB | AMK | CIP | ||||
| All MDR isolates (183) | 13 | 32 | 38 | 100 | VIM-1, VIM-2, IMP-22, GES1–5 (146) | NA | 92 (50.3)/ 180 (98.4) | 183 (100) | 183 (100) | 183 (100) | 183 (100) | 75 (41.0)/ 179 (97.8)† | 178 (97.3) | 177 (96.7) | 77 (42.1) | 172 (94) | |
| P. aeruginosa (clonal types) | |||||||||||||||||
| B (104) | 0 | 5 | 23 | 76 | VIM-2 (103), IMP-22 (1) | 175, 175 | 21 (20.2)/ 101 (97.1)† | 104 (100) | 104 (100) | 104 (100) | 104 (100) | 14 (13.5)/ 100 (95.2)† | 104 (100) | 104 (100) | 26 (25) | 104 (100) | |
| A (29)‡ | 8 | 16 | 4 | 1 | GES 1/5 (29) | 235 | 29 (100) | 29 (100) | 29 (100) | 29 (100) | 29 (100) | 25 (86.2) | 29 (100) | 26 (89.6) | 25 (86.2) | 28 (96.5) | |
| C (2) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | VIM-2 (2) | NA | 2 (100) | 2 (100) | 2 (100) | 2 (100) | 2 (100) | 2 (100) | 2 (100) | 2 (100) | 2 (100) | 2 (100) | |
| D (2) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | Noncarbapenemase (2) | NA | 2 (100) | 2 (100) | 2 (100) | 2 (100) | 2 (100) | 0 | 2 (100) | 2 (100) | 2 (100) | 2 (100) | |
| Unique clones (40) | 4 | 10 | 8 | 18 | Noncarbapenemase (35) | NA | 31 (88.6)/ 35 (100)† | 35 (100) | 35 (100) | 35 (100) | 35 (100) | 26 (74.3) | 30 (85.7) | 32 (65.7) | 17 (48.3) | 25 (71.4) | |
| 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | PA_5 VIM-2 | NA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| 0 | 1 | 0 | PA_10 VIM-2 | NA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||
| 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | PA_12 VIM-1 | NA | 4 (80)/ 5 (100)† | 5 (100) | 5 (100) | 5 (100) | 5 (100) | 4 (80) | 5 (100) | 5 (100) | 3 (60) | 5 (100) | ||
| 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | PA_13 VIM-2 | NA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | PA_28 VIM-2 | NA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| P. putida (clonal types) | |||||||||||||||||
| Unique clones (6) | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | NA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | PP_1 VIM-2 | NA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | PP_11 VIM-2 | NA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | PP_14 VIM-2 | NA | 3 (50)/ 6 (100)† | 6 (100) | 6 (100) | 6 (100) | 6 (100) | 4 (66.6) | 6 (100) | 6 (100) | 2 (33.3) | 6 (100) | ||
| 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | PP_19 VIM-2 | NA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | PP25_VIM-1/VIM-2 | NA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | PP_27 VIM-2 | NA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
*MDR, multidrug resistant; ST, sequence type; PIP/TZ, piperacillin-tazobactam; CAZ, ceftazidime; FEP, cefepime; IMP, imipenem; MER, meropenem; ATM, aztreonam; GEN, gentamicin; TOB, tobramycin; AMK, amikacin; CIP, ciprofloxacin; NA, not available. None of the isolates showed resistance to colistin. †Percentage drug-resistant isolates when the European Committee on Susceptibility Testing break point was applied. ‡Viedma et al. (16).