Figure 5.

Nanobuds and nanovesicles of the erythrocyte membrane and nanotubules connecting T24 cancer cells. In erythrocytes, budding and vesiculation was induced by adding a detergent. The type of detergent determines the character of the nanobuds and nanovesicles. (A) Scanning electron micrograph of echinocyte budding induced by dodecylmaltoside, (B) transmission electron micrograph of isolated tubular nanovesicles induced by dodecylmaltoside, (C) scanning electron micrograph of the budding erythrocyte membrane, (D) scanning electron micrograph of echinocyte budding induced by dodecylzwittergent, (E) transmission electron micrograph of isolated spherical nanovesicles, (F) scanning electron micrograph of isolated spherical nanovesicles, (G) nanotubules with dilatations connecting urothelial cancer cells. (A, B, D, E, and G) reproduced with permission of Schara et al⁶³ and (C and F) reproduced from Sustar et al.⁶⁴