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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Dec 22.
Published in final edited form as: Methods. 2011 Dec 22;55(4):387–404. doi: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2011.12.006

Fig. 8. Femtosecond nanocrystallography.

Fig. 8

Photosystem I nanocrystals flow in their buffer G0 in a gas-focused 4-μm diameter jet, perpendicular to the X-ray beam that is focused on the jet. The insert shows an environmental scanning electron micrograph of the nozzle, flowing jet, and focusing gas [76]. Two pairs of high-frame rate pnCCD detectors [98] record low and high-angle diffraction from single X-ray FEL pulses, at a rate of 30 Hz. Crystals arrive at random times and orientations in the beam, and the probability of hitting one is proportional to the crystal concentration. Figure and caption taken from [94] with slight modifications.