Table 2. TCI scales and subscales means (standard deviation).
| First Assessment | Second Assessment | |||||||||
| ANOVA | Jungle Sample | Urban Sample | ANOVA | Jungle Sample | Urban Sample | |||||
| TCI subscale | df(1,223) | Ayahuascan = 54 | Controlsn = 54 | Ayahuascan = 64 | Controlsn = 55 | df(1,116) | Ayahuascan = 36 | Controlsn = 39 | Ayahuascan = 30 | Controlsn = 15 |
| HA | F = 17.73; p<0.001 | 14.69 (5.03) | 18.30 (4.99) | 15.41 (5.36) | 17.53 (5.04) | F = 4.81; p = 0.030 | 13.78 (5.87) | 17.26 (5.35) | 14.63 (6.32) | 16.07 (4.95) |
| HA1 | F = 12.28; p<0.001 | 3.46 (2.13) | 4.83 (2.03) | 3.92 (1.93) | 4.85 (2.25) | F = 5.93; p = 0.016 | 3.17 (1.98) | 4.67 (1.92) | 3.83 (2.32) | 4.27 (1.75) |
| HA2 | F = 8.25; p = 0.069 | 4.44 (1.65) | 4.87 (1.82) | 4.73 (1.48) | 5.07 (1.31) | F = 4.29; p = 0.041 | 4.36 (1.74) | 5.10 (1.74) | 4.60 (1.65) | 5.20 (1.08) |
| HA3 | F = 9.28; p = 0.003 | 3.48 (1.99) | 4.59 (1.59) | 3.83 (1.78) | 4.18 (1.84) | F = 5.02; p = 0.027 | 3.44 (2.23) | 4.51 (1.68) | 3.30 (1.88) | 3.93 (1.91) |
| HA4 | F = 6.23; p = 0.013 | 3.30 (1.73) | 4.07 (1.97) | 2.86 (2.18) | 3.42 (2.10) | F = 0.01; p = 0.912 | 2.81 (1.85) | 2.95 (1.94) | 2.90 (2.32) | 2.67 (2.44) |
| NS | F = 2.28; p = 0.130 | 17.94 (4.67) | 18.04 (4.74) | 16.75 (4.82) | 18.62 (5.26) | F = 1.08; p = 0.300 | 17.58 (4.83) | 17.79 (4.83) | 17.30 (4.55) | 15.13 (5.08) |
| NS1 | F = 1.34; p = 0.248 | 6.50 (1.80) | 6.06 (1.64) | 6.02 (1.86) | 5.91 (1.83) | F = 2.11; p = 0.149 | 6.58 (1.70) | 6.13 (1.70) | 6.63 (2.40) | 6.00 (1.81) |
| NS2 | F = 1.13; p = 0.289 | 3.35 (2.05) | 3.39 (1.78) | 3.31 (1.99) | 3.84 (2.11) | F = 0.84; p = 0.360 | 3.11 (2.04) | 3.15 (1.97) | 3.23 (2.14) | 2.47 (1.77) |
| NS3 | F = 1.13; p = 0.288 | 4.65 (1.89) | 4.81 (2.35) | 4.48 (2.09) | 5.25 (2.18) | F = 0.12; p = 0.729 | 4.53 (1.89) | 4.95 (2.35) | 4.53 (1.79) | 4.40 (2.53) |
| NS4 | F = 4.50; p = 0.035 | 3.46 (1.63) | 3.78 (1.68) | 2.94 (1.77) | 3.62 (1.95) | F = 0.26; p = 0.609 | 3.36 (1.86) | 3.62 (2.13) | 2.90 (1.73) | 2.27 (1.49) |
| RD | F = 6.98; p = 0.009 | 16.11 (4.15) | 14.04 (2.90) | 14.39 (3.33) | 14.00 (3.55) | F = 0.37; p = 0.547 | 15.56 (3.97) | 14.36 (3.23) | 14.67 (3.14) | 15.07 (2.37) |
| RD1 | F = 0.12; p = 0.729 | 6.63 (1.93) | 6.85 (1.64) | 6.22 (1.61) | 5.84 (1.76) | F = 0.98; p = 0.325 | 6.56 (1.70) | 6.74 (1.87) | 6.23 (1.67) | 6.73 (1.91) |
| RD3 | F = 7.68; p = 0.006 | 5.37 (2.09) | 4.26 (1.84) | 3.61 (1.54) | 3.44 (1.46) | F = 1.89; p = 0.172 | 5.36 (1.82) | 4.36 (1.99) | 3.83 (1.70) | 3.87 (1.30) |
| RD4 | F = 9.52; p = 0.002 | 3.96 (1.26) | 2.93 (1.40) | 5.16 (1.70) | 4.95 (1.64) | F = 0.38; p = 0.537 | 4.11 (1.19) | 3.18 (2.94) | 5.03 (1.73) | 5.47 (1.36) |
| P | F = 2.21; p = 0.139 | 5.39 (1.83) | 4.56 (1.71) | 4.63 (1.83) | 4.73 (2.00) | F = 0.13; p = 0.721 | 4.83 (2.08) | 4.85 (1.68) | 4.73 (1.74) | 4.47 (1.55) |
| SD | F = 9.56; p = 0.002 | 21.94 (6.09) | 25.76 (6.10) | 20.91 (4.99) | 22.09 (7.11) | F = 11.87; p = 0.001 | 20.0 (5.83) | 23.85 (7.35) | 20.00 (4.50) | 24.60 (7.13) |
| SD1 | F = 8.36; p = 0.004 | 2.91 (1.76) | 3.69 (1.63) | 3.80 (1.44) | 3.58 (1.83) | F = 24.75; p<0.001 | 2.64 (1.40) | 3.67 (1.46) | 2.57 (1.35) | 4.27 (1.71) |
| SD2 | F = 4.19; p = 0.042 | 4.00 (1.35) | 4.41 (1.39) | 3.80 (1.20) | 4.09 (1.22) | F = 2.83; p = 0.095 | 3.58 (1.13) | 3.97 (1.51) | 3.77 (1.00) | 4.20 (1.21) |
| SD3 | F = 12.32; p = 0.001 | 2.24 (1.24) | 3.17 (1.38) | 2.13 (1.09) | 2.38 (1.35) | F = 3.34; p = 0.070 | 2.03 (1.21) | 2.61 (1.62) | 2.00 (1.29) | 2.27 (1.28) |
| SD4 | F = 12.67; p<0.001 | 5.57 (2.19) | 7.15 (2.34) | 5.11 (2.11) | 5.64 (2.25) | F = 12.23; p = 0.001 | 5.42 (2.35) | 7.13 (2.28) | 4.97 (2.34) | 6.40 (2.10) |
| SD5 | F = 0.012; p = 0.913 | 7.11 (2.13) | 7.39 (1.92) | 6.80 (1.89) | 6.58 (2.59) | F = 2.70; p = 0.103 | 6.39 (1.82) | 7.33 (3.88) | 6.70 (1.50) | 7.47 (2.59) |
| C | F = 0.43; p = 0.515 | 25.65 (2.40) | 26.09 (2.75) | 25.31 (3.01) | 24.31 (4.38) | F = 0.005; p = 0.947 | 25.11 (2.43) | 26.23 (4.49) | 25.30 (2.67) | 24.27 (2.19) |
| C1 | F = 1.71; p = 0.192 | 5.65 (6.89) | 5.02 (1.20) | 5.11 (0.81) | 4.53 (1.12) | F = 0.053; p = 0.818 | 4.64 (0.93) | 4.82 (1.07) | 4.77 (0.73) | 4.67 (0.61) |
| C2 | F = 1.27; p = 0.261 | 5.02 (1.11) | 4.80 (1.15) | 4.73 (1.25) | 4.58 (1.45) | F = 0.002; p = 0.962 | 5.22 (1.44) | 5.08 (0.98) | 5.03 (1.10) | 5.20 (0.76) |
| C3 | F = 7.60; p = 0.006 | 5.57 (0.84) | 5.26 (1.25) | 5.42 (0.90) | 4.98 (1.10) | F = 4.20; p = 0.043 | 5.53 (0.91) | 5.46 (0.85) | 5.60 (1.07) | 4.93 (0.70) |
| C4 | F = 4.99; p = 0.026 | 4.74 (1.28) | 5.20 (1.45) | 4.58 (1.26) | 4.98 (1.81) | F = 1.12; p = 0.292 | 4.50 (0.94) | 5.36 (1.29) | 4.47 (0.86) | 4.07 (1.39) |
| C5 | F = 0.08; p = 0.773 | 5.59 (0.96) | 5.91 (1.10) | 5.47 (0.91) | 5.24 (1.30) | F = 3.49; p = 0.064 | 5.19 (0.99) | 6.44 (2.51) | 5.43 (1.01) | 5.40 (0.99) |
| ST | F = 25.91; p<0.001 | 22.80 (5.25) | 19.28 (6.27) | 21.02 (5.72) | 16.64 (6.09) | F = 7.3; p = 0.008 | 22.72 (5.85) | 18.26 (6.99) | 20.40 (4.76) | 18.53 (5.60) |
| ST1 | F = 4.48; p = 0.035 | 7.17 (2.29) | 6.65 (2.39) | 6.28 (2.39) | 5.47 (2.27) | F = 0.51; p = 0.475 | 6.69 (2.65) | 6.62 (3.66) | 5.77 (2.24) | 6.67 (2.59) |
| ST2 | F = 24.10; p<0.001 | 7.09 (1.71) | 5.63 (2.38) | 6.16 (2.36) | 4.73 (2.30) | F = 7.56; p = 0.007 | 7.08 (2.12) | 5.72 (2.37) | 6.43 (1.74) | 5.47 (2.47) |
| ST3 | F = 30.01; p<0.001 | 8.54 (2.21) | 7.35 (2.15) | 8.58 (2.04) | 6.44 (2.71) | F = 17.94; p<0.001 | 8.94 (1.91) | 7.08 (2.46) | 8.20 (1.99) | 6.40 (2.59) |
The ANOVA column shows results for the main effect of Group (ayahuasca users vs. controls). df = degrees of freedom. Ayahuasca = ayahuasca-using group. HA = Harm Avoidance; HA1-Anticipatory Worry vs. Uninhibited Optimism; HA2-Fear of Uncertainty vs. Confidence; HA3-Shyness with Strangers vs. Gregariousness; HA4-Fatigability and Asthenia vs. Vigor; NS = Novelty Seeking; NS1-Exploratory Excitability vs. Stoic Rigidity; NS2-Impulsiveness vs. Reflection; NS3-Extravagance vs. Reserve; NS4-Disorderliness vs. Regimentation; RD = Reward Dependence; RD1-Sentimentality vs. Insensitivity; RD3-Attachment vs. Detachment; RD4-Dependence vs. Independence; P = Persistence; SD = Self-directedness; SD1-Responsibility vs. Blaming; SD2-Purposefulness vs. Lack of Goal-Direction; SD3-Resourcefulness; SD4-Self-Acceptance vs. Self-Striving; SD5-Congruent Second Nature; C = Cooperativeness; C1-Social Acceptance vs. Social Intolerance; C2-Empathy vs. Social Disinterest; C3-Helpfulness vs. Unhelpfulness; C4-Compassion vs. Revengefulness; C5-Integrated Conscience; ST = Self-Trascendence; ST1-Self-Forgetfulness vs. Self-Conscious Experience; ST2-Transpersonal Identification vs. Self-Isolation; ST3-Spiritual Acceptance vs. Rational Materialism.