Table 4. Stroop, Letter-Number Sequency Task, WSCT and FrsBe means (standard deviation).
| First Assessment | Second Assessment | |||||||||
| ANOVA | Jungle Sample | Urban Sample | ANOVA | Jungle Sample | Urban Sample | |||||
| Stroop | df(1,235) | Ayahuascan = 56 | Controlsn = 56 | Ayahuascan = 71 | Controlsn = 56 | df(1,136) | Ayahuascan = 39 | Controlsn = 48 | Ayahuascan = 34 | Controlsn = 19 |
| W | F = 21.00; p<0.001 | 86.36 (17.95) | 77.38 (19,49) | 94.11 (16.78) | 82.27 (15.62) | F = 8.48 p = 0.004 | 91.92 (17.58) | 81.65 (19.73) | 86.74 (17.75) | 78.00 (16.11) |
| C | F = 29.38; p<0.001 | 62.20 (12.08) | 57.09 (12.58) | 69.27 (15.25) | 55.09 (14.11) | F = 2.88; p = 0.092 | 64.82 (12.58) | 61.71 (9.91) | 63.76 (13.39) | 59.84 (9.46) |
| IW | F = 31.15; p<0.001 | 44.36 (18.81) | 34.25 (8.68) | 45.87 (13.78) | 36.02 (11.70) | F = 3.72; p = 0.056 | 42.23 (8.94) | 37.21 (9.48) | 39.06 (9.70) | 37.95 (4.35) |
| RI | F = 11.84; p = 0.001 | 8.47 (16.99) | 1.83 (7.88) | 5.74 (9.48) | 3.14 (6.75) | F = 0.001; p = 0.974 | 4.37 (6.27) | 2.30 (8.80) | 2.57 (5.82) | 4.72 (6.95) |
| WSCT | df(1,238) | n = 56 | n = 56 | n = 71 | n = 59 | df(1,134) | n = 37 | n = 47 | n = 35 | n = 19 |
| N_tot | F = 41.44; p<0.001 | 39.52 (21.42) | 54. 13 (19.80) | 33.94 (16.16) | 51.42 (20.12) | F = 5.05; p = 0.026 | 22.97 (15.04) | 36.72 (20.56) | 37.65 (27.13) | 41.16 (21.53) |
| N_pers | F = 39.74; p<0.001 | 21.02 (13.37) | 30.98 (17.71) | 18.13 (9.17) | 31.59 (16.75) | F = 3.62; p = 0.059 | 12.35 (8.61) | 18.26 (10.63) | 18.77 (14.50) | 20.68 (11.66) |
| N_nonpers | F = 12.40; p = 0.001 | 17.93 (11.47) | 22.86 (10.61) | 15.92 (9.06) | 20.36 (10.23) | F = 4.43; p = 0.037 | 11.00 (7.72) | 18.43 (12.26) | 19.11 (13.69) | 20.47 (11.98) |
| N_cat | F = 0.093; p = 0.761 | 4.61 (1.58) | 3.63 (1.69) | 5.25 (1.13) | 5.59 (16.31) | F = 1.52; p = 0.220 | 5.38 (1.88) | 4.45 (1.90) | 7.51 (21.09) | 3.68 (2.19) |
| Fail | F = 4.39; p = 0.037 | 1.05 (1.20) | 1.11 (1.00) | 0.80 (1.10) | 1.39 (1.40) | F = 0.084; p = 0.773 | 1.30 (1.24) | 1.57 (1.63) | 1.57 (1.77) | 1.68 (1.63) |
| LNS | df(1,237) | n = 56 | n = 56 | n = 71 | n = 58 | df(1.132) | n = 36 | n = 49 | n = 32 | n = 19 |
| Score | F = 21.27; p<0.001 | 12.66 (3.95) | 11.66 (3.73) | 15.68 (3.36) | 12.47 (3.06)*** | F = 5.52; p = 0.020 | 11.64 (3.37) | 10.29 (3.31) | 9.91 (3.47) | 8.42 (3.01) |
| FrSBe | df(1,216) | n = 53 | n = 55 | n = 59 | n = 53 | df(1,118) | n = 34 | n = 47 | n = 25 | n = 16 |
| Apathy | F = 23.79; p<0.001 | 32.28 (5.96) | 37.53 (6.64) | 28.71 (6.67) | 32.15 (7.03) | F = 10.62; p = 0.001 | 27.85 (5.75) | 31.70 (7.98) | 24.48 (7.42) | 30.06 (8.58) |
| Dishinibition | F = 32.84; p<0.001 | 31.19 (6.89) | 37.13 (6.80) | 26.93 (6.89) | 32.38 (8.73) | F = 4.05; p = 0.046 | 26.03 (7.70) | 32.40 (8.67) | 25.16 (7.17) | 27.31 (9.33) |
| Executive dysfunction | F = 11.20; p = 0.001 | 39.25 (8.80) | 41.60 (7.94) | 35.53 (7.85) | 40.89 (9.56) | F = 7.04; p = 0.009 | 34.85 (7.15) | 40.23 (9.64) | 36.00 (15.05) | 40.13 (15.67) |
| Total | F = 31.81; p<0.001 | 101.68 (17.07) | 116.44 (18.55) | 91.17 (17.96) | 105.34 (22.16) | F = 7.64; p = 0.007 | 88.74 (18.02) | 104.83 (21.92) | 82.12 (20.81) | 89.63 (29.34) |
The ANOVA column shows results for the main effect of Group (ayahuasca users vs. controls). df = degrees of freedom. Ayahuasca = ayahuasca-using group. W-Words; C-Colors; IW-Color incongruent words; RI-Resistence to Interference. LNS = Letter-Number sequency; N_tot = number of total errors; N_pers = number of perseverative errors; N_nonpers = number of non-perseverative errors; N_cat = number of achieved categores; Fail = failures no maintain set.