Table 1. Default parameter settings of the spatially explicit model.

	Default	Unit	Description	Source
Variables
Z		sh m−2	Seagrass shoot density
H		m	Bed height
GF		ind m−2	Number of feeding waterfowl
Parameters
r	0.4	day−1	Relative growth rate	*
m	0.007	day−1	Mortality rate	*
K	5976	sh m−2	Carrying capacity	*
s	0.00035	m day−1	Sedimentation rate	*
Hmax	0.2	m	Maximum bed height	*
e	s/Hmax	day−1	Erosion rate
h1	594	sh m−2	Half rate constant for seagrass feeding rate	1,*
h2	1500	sh m−2	Half rate constant for sedimentation rate	*
Gmax	0.03	ind m−2	Maximum number of waterfowl	*
Gin	16967	sh ind−1 day−1	Maximum intake rate for waterfowl foraging	1,*
GUD	0.1 K	sh m−2	Giving-up density for waterfowl foraging	1,2
GL	0.984		Fraction of waterfowl feeding in hollows	*,2
GH	0.016		Fraction of waterfowl feeding on hummocks	*
HC	0.08	m	Critical bed height for waterfowl foraging	*
dZ	0.2 r	day−1	Diffusion rate constant for seagrass	±
dH	0.2 e	day−1	Diffusion rate constant for bed height	±

(*) Obtained from field data, (1) Percival & Evans (1997), (2) Ganter (2000), (±) Gradient operators d_Z and d_H were set at 20% of the maximum growth and erosion rate respectively. Parameters measured in the field resulted either from fieldwork published in this study or from [10].