Table 3.
Clinical differences between Alzheimer patients with "closing-in" and without "closing-in" phenomenon (mean ± standard deviation).
| Variables | Closing-in(-) (N = 38) | Closing-in(+) (N = 41) | Deformed (N = 19) | p-value* |
| Sex Male | 12 | 15 | 6 | 0.875 |
| Female | 26 | 26 | 13 | |
| Education(year) | 8.20 ± 5.17 | 7.39 ± 5.13 | 6.89 ± 5.35 | 0.240 |
| Age at onset ≤ 65 | 7 | 9 | 6 | 0.322 |
| >65 | 31 | 32 | 13 | |
| Apolipoprotein E 4 ≥ 1 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 0.827 |
| E 4 < 1 | 10 | 13 | 10 | |
| Symptom duration (month) | 31.2 ± 23.4 | 30.8 ± 23.0 | 42.4 ± 21.9 | 0.202 |
| MMSE** | 17.31 ± 5.03 | 14.83 ± 5.07 | 8.89 ± 3.80 | 0.000 |
| GDS | 15.64 ± 7.17 | 17.62 ± 7.67 | 13.85 ± 8.17 | 0.378 |
| Barthel index*** | 18.38 ± 4.42 | 17.89 ± 3.57 | 14.37 ± 5.66 | 0.008 |
| CDR*** | 1.49 ± 0.70 | 1.68 ± 0.70 | 2.42 ± 0.61 | 0.000 |
| ROCFT** | 18.13 ± 9.40 | 9.56 ± 9.01 | 1.90 ± 1.71 | 0.000 |
* Statistical test was done by discriminant function analysis ** Statistical significance was found among study groups ***Statistical significance was found between patients with "closing-in" and deformed. MMSE; Korean Mini-Mental State Examination GDS; geriatric depression scale CDR; clinical dementia rating scale ROCFT; Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test Apoprotein E allele was not checked in all cases.